BACKGROUND The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale - Abbreviated (ESRS-A) is an abbreviated version of the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) with instructions, definitions, and a semi-structured interview that follows clinimetric concepts of measuring clinical symptoms. Similar to the ESRS, the ESRS-A was developed to assess four types of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMD): parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia (TD). SUMMARY The present review of the literature provides the most relevant clinimetric properties displayed by the ESRS and ESRS-A in clinical studies. Comprehensive ESRS-A definitions, official scale, and basic instructions are provided. ESRS inter-rater reliability was evaluated in two pivotal studies and in multicenter international studies. Inter-rater reliability was high for assessing both antipsychotic-induced movement disorders and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Guidelines were also established for inter-rater reliability and the rater certification processes. The ESRS showed good concurrent validity with 96% agreement between Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) for TD-defined cases and ESRS-defined cases. Similarly, concurrent validity for ESRS-A total and subscores for parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia ranged from good to very good. The ESRS was particularly sensitive for detecting DIMD-related movement differences following treatment with placebo, antipsychotics, and antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic medications. ESRS measurement of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms was shown to discriminate extrapyramidal symptoms from psychiatric symptoms. KEY MESSAGES The ESRS and ESRS-A are valid clinimetric indices for measuring DIMD. They can be valuably implemented in clinical research, particularly in trials testing antipsychotic medications, and in clinics to detect the presence, severity, and response to treatment of movement disorders.

中文翻译：

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锥体外系症状评定量表及其缩写版本：临床测量特性的批判性回顾。


背景锥体外系症状评定量表 - 缩写（ESRS-A）是锥体外系症状评定量表（ESRS）的缩写版本，包含说明、定义和半结构化访谈，遵循测量临床症状的临床计量学概念。与 ESRS 类似，ESRS-A 旨在评估四种类型的药物引起的运动障碍 (DIMD)：帕金森症、静坐不能、肌张力障碍和迟发性运动障碍 (TD)。总结 本文献综述提供了 ESRS 和 ESRS-A 在临床研究中显示的最相关的临床测量特性。提供全面的 ESRS-A 定义、官方量表和基本说明。 ESRS 评估者间的可靠性在两项关键研究和多中心国际研究中进行了评估。评估抗精神病药物引起的运动障碍和特发性帕金森病的评估者间可靠性很高。还为评估者间的可靠性和评估者认证流程制定了指导方针。 ESRS 显示出良好的并发有效性，TD 定义病例的异常不自主运动量表 (AIMS) 与 ESRS 定义病例之间的一致性为 96%。同样，帕金森症、静坐不能、肌张力障碍和运动障碍的 ESRS-A 总分和子分的同时有效性范围从良好到非常好。 ESRS 对于检测安慰剂、抗精神病药物、抗帕金森病和抗运动障碍药物治疗后与 DIMD 相关的运动差异特别敏感。 ESRS 测量药物引起的锥体外系症状可区分锥体外系症状和精神症状。关键信息 ESRS 和 ESRS-A 是测量 DIMD 的有效临床指标。 它们可以在临床研究中得到有价值的应用，特别是在测试抗精神病药物的试验中，以及在诊所中检测运动障碍的存在、严重程度和对治疗的反应。