In the era of COP28, where most of the developed and developing economies concentrate more on the development of environmentally friendly energy resources to tackle the issue of climate change. Nevertheless, the literature lacks appropriate evidence regarding the influences of green energy and other resources on food security. This study analyses the influences of land use, green energy, and water resources on food accessibility in emerging economies, while also considering the important roles of natural resources, research and development (R&D) expenditure, and economic growth during 1980–2020. Due to non-linear data dispersion, the novel moments quantile regression is employed. Results assert that land use has a positive significant influence on food accessibility in the presence of water resources and a weaker negative impact in the presence of natural resources. Natural and water resources are detrimental to food accessibility in the Emerging Seven (E7) countries. Furthermore, R&D expenditure and green energy positively (negatively), while economic growth negatively (positively) impacted food accessibility in the presence of natural resources (water resources). The results are robust and validate causal inferences that help develop appropriate policies for emerging economies concerning food accessibility or security. In this rapidly evolving era, most empirical studies consider environmental quality. Conversely, this study contributes to the literature by examining the factors influencing food accessibility, as this issue is of considerable importance because of the rapidly growing global population.

中文翻译：

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土地利用、绿色能源和水资源对获取粮食的作用：COP28 视角下新兴经济体的证据


在COP28时代，大多数发达经济体和发展中经济体更加注重开发环境友好型能源资源，以应对气候变化问题。然而，文献缺乏关于绿色能源和其他资源对粮食安全影响的适当证据。本研究分析了新兴经济体土地利用、绿色能源和水资源对粮食获取的影响，同时也考虑了 1980 年至 2020 年期间自然资源、研发 (R&D) 支出和经济增长的重要作用。由于非线性数据分散，采用了新的矩分位数回归。结果表明，在存在水资源的情况下，土地利用对粮食的获取具有显着的积极影响，而在存在自然资源的情况下，土地利用的负面影响则较弱。自然资源和水资源不利于新兴七国 (E7) 国家的粮食获取。此外，研发支出和绿色能源对自然资源（水资源）的存在产生积极（消极）影响，而经济增长则对粮食可及性产生消极（积极）影响。结果是强有力的，验证了因果推论，有助于为新兴经济体制定有关粮食可及性或安全的适当政策。在这个快速发展的时代，大多数实证研究都考虑环境质量。相反，这项研究通过研究影响食物可及性的因素为文献做出了贡献，因为由于全球人口的快速增长，这个问题相当重要。