Crop models have suggested high sensitivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to day length and the resultant extension of the growth period as a concept to overcome yield loss due to climate warming. However, experimental validation of this concept is incomplete. The E3 and E4 loci encode phytochrome A isoforms and enhance sensitivity to day length. Our previous study showed that the dominant E4 allele can mitigate yield loss due to warming. In this study, we similarly tested the hypothesis that the dominant E3 allele can reduce yield loss caused by warming. One of the leading Japanese cultivars Enrei (e3/E4) and near‐isogenic lines (NIL‐e3e4, NIL‐E3e4, and NIL‐E3E4) in the Enrei genetic background were grown at near ambient temperature or either 2.0°C or 4.7°C above ambient temperature in temperature‐gradient chambers (TGCs) in a cool region in Japan. The number of days from sowing to beginning of flowering (R1) decreased with increasing temperature, regardless of genotype. However, increasing temperature extended the period from R1 to beginning of pod filling (R3) and increased pod number per plant and seed yield per plant in all genotypes except NIL‐e3e4. Combined data from the TGC experiment and from field trials across three different latitudes showed that the decreased developmental rate during the R1–R3 period can be attributed to longer days, rather than by supra‐optimal temperatures. We conclude that E3, in addition to E4, could potentially increase seed yield in cool regions under future warming.

中文翻译：

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调节大豆产量对气候变暖的反应：E3和E4基因座在生长期适应中的作用


作物模型表明大豆具有高敏感性[大豆(L.) Merr.] 将日照长度和由此产生的生长期延长作为克服气候变暖导致的产量损失的概念。然而，这个概念的实验验证并不完整。这E3和E4位点编码光敏色素 A 亚型并增强对日长的敏感性。我们之前的研究表明，占主导地位的E4等位基因可以减轻由于变暖而造成的产量损失。在这项研究中，我们同样检验了以下假设： E3等位基因可以减少变暖造成的产量损失。日本主要品种之一 Enrei（ e3 / E4 ）和近等基因系（NIL- e3e4 , 无- E3e4 , 和 NIL- E3E4 ）在 Enrei 遗传背景下，在日本凉爽地区的温度梯度室 (TGC) 中，在接近环境温度或高于环境温度 2.0°C 或 4.7°C 的条件下生长。无论基因型如何，从播种到开始开花的天数（R1）都会随着温度的升高而减少。然而，温度升高延长了从 R1 到结荚开始 (R3) 的时间，并增加了除 NIL- 之外的所有基因型中每株植物的荚数和每株植物的种子产量。 e3e4 。 TGC 实验和三个不同纬度的田间试验的综合数据表明，R1-R3 期间发育速率的下降可归因于较长的白天，而不是超最佳温度。我们的结论是E3 ， 此外E4 ，可能会在未来变暖的情况下增加凉爽地区的种子产量。