This paper extends the debate on medium-sized cities as active designers of place-specific neoliberal identities by reporting relevant findings from Bologna, European Capital of Culture in 2000 and a UNESCO City of Music since 2006. The study identifies the formal relationships of collaboration among local musicians as a relevant proxy to discuss the individualisation of the pop-rock music scene and its variations between 1978 and 2019. For this purpose, formal Social Network Analysis is combined with semi-structured interview analysis and archival research. The findings reveal decreased levels of social cohesion among artists and establishes a link between growing individualisation in the local music scene and an increasing tourist-orientation in the city.

中文翻译：

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创意城市的绝唱？联合国教科文组织音乐之城博洛尼亚音乐界的个性化


本文通过报告 2000 年欧洲文化之都博洛尼亚和 2006 年以来联合国教科文组织音乐之城的相关研究结果，扩展了关于中等城市作为特定地方新自由主义身份的积极设计者的争论。该研究确定了之间的正式合作关系当地音乐家作为相关代理，讨论 1978 年至 2019 年间流行摇滚音乐场景的个性化及其变化。为此，正式的社交网络分析与半结构化访谈分析和档案研究相结合。调查结果显示，艺术家之间的社会凝聚力水平下降，并在当地音乐界日益个性化与城市日益增长的游客导向之间建立了联系。