Research from the US argues that women will benefit from a structural labour market change as the importance of social tasks increases and that of manual tasks declines. This article contributes to this discussion in three ways: (a) by extending the standard framework of task content of occupations in order to account for the gender perspective; (b) by developing measures of occupational task content tailored to the European context; and (c) by testing this argument in 13 European countries. Data are analysed from the European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations database and the European Structure of Earnings Survey. The analysis demonstrates that relative to men the structural labour market change improves the earnings potential of women working in low- and middle-skilled occupations but not those in high-skilled occupations. Women are overrepresented in low-paid social tasks (e.g. care) and are paid less for analytical tasks than men.

中文翻译：

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劳动力市场结构性变化和收入性别不平等


美国的研究认为，随着社会任务重要性的增加和体力任务重要性的下降，女性将从劳动力市场的结构性变化中受益。本文通过三种方式对这一讨论作出贡献：(a) 扩展职业任务内容的标准框架，以考虑性别观点； (b) 制定适合欧洲背景的职业任务内容衡量标准； (c) 在 13 个欧洲国家测试这一论点。数据分析来自欧洲技能、能力、资格和职业数据库以及欧洲收入结构调查。分析表明，相对于男性，结构性劳动力市场变化提高了从事中低技能职业的女性的收入潜力，但没有提高从事高技能职业的女性的收入潜力。女性在低薪社会任务（例如护理）中所占比例过高，并且在分析任务中的报酬低于男性。