Health consequences arising from climate change are threatening to offset advances made to reduce the damage of infectious diseases, which vary by region and the resilience of the local health system. Here we discuss how climate change-related migrations and infectious disease burden are linked through various processes, such as the expansion of pathogens into non-endemic areas, overcrowding in new informal settlements, and the increased proximity of disease vectors and susceptible human populations. Countries that are predicted to have the highest burden are those that have made the least contribution to climate change. Further studies are needed to generate robust evidence on the potential consequences of climate change-related human movements and migration, as well as identify effective and bespoke short- and long-term interventions.

气候变化带来的健康后果可能会抵消在减少传染病损害方面取得的进展，而传染病的损害因地区和当地卫生系统的恢复能力而异。在这里，我们讨论与气候变化相关的移徙和传染病负担如何通过各种过程联系起来，例如病原体扩展到非流行地区、新的非正规住区过度拥挤以及疾病媒介和易感人群的接近程度增加。预计负担最重的国家是那些对气候变化影响最小的国家。需要进一步研究，以就与气候变化相关的人类流动和移民的潜在后果提供强有力的证据，并确定有效和定制的短期和长期干预措施。