This 5-year longitudinal study examined whether high mathematics achievers in primary school had cognitive advantages before entering formal education. High mathematics achievement was defined as performing above Pc 90 in Grades 1 and 3. The predominantly White sample (M _age in preschool: 64 months) included 31 high achievers (12 girls) and 114 average achievers (63 girls). We measured children's early numerical abilities, complex mathematical abilities, and general cognitive abilities in preschool (2017). High mathematics achievers had advantages on most tasks in preschool (ds > 0.62). Number order, numeral recognition, and proportional reasoning were unique predictors of belonging to the high-achieving group in primary school. This study shows that the cognitive advantages of high mathematics achievement are already observed in preschool.

中文翻译：

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数学成绩高的儿童在开始正规学校教育之前的认知特征


这项为期 5 年的纵向研究考察了小学数学成绩高的学生在进入正规教育之前是否具有认知优势。高数学成绩被定义为在 90 年级和 1 年级的成绩高于 Pc 3。以白人为主的样本（学龄前儿童 M_年龄：64 个月）包括 31 名成绩优异的学生（12 名女孩）和 114 名平均成绩的学生（63 名女孩）。我们测量了儿童在学前班的早期数字能力、复杂数学能力和一般认知能力 （2017）。数学成绩优异的学生在学前班的大多数任务上都有优势（ds > 0.62）。数字顺序、数字识别和比例推理是属于小学高成就群体的独特预测因素。这项研究表明，在学龄前班已经观察到高数学成绩的认知优势。