For Spanish nouns, masculine gender is unmarked and feminine is marked. Effects of markedness on gender agreement processing are inconsistent, possibly owing to differences between online methods. This study presents a reanalysis of eye‐tracking data from Keating's (2022) study on the processing of noun‐adjective gender agreement in speakers of Spanish as a majority and a heritage language. Pairwise comparisons by noun class showed that both groups displayed sensitivity to gender violations with masculine nouns earlier in the time course of agreement processing than they did to violations with feminine nouns, although sensitivity to errors with both classes emerged later for heritage speakers. The time course advantage for detecting gender violations with masculine nouns disappeared when a word occurred between nouns and adjectives. In sum, the native Spanish parser utilizes markedness information during online computation of gender agreement dependencies, even when exposure to native language input is significantly reduced.

中文翻译：

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西班牙语作为主流语言和传统语言的形态标记和性别协议处理的时间动态


对于西班牙语名词，未标记阳性，标记阴性。标记对性别一致性处理的影响不一致，可能是由于在线方法之间的差异。本研究重新分析了 Keating（2022）关于以西班牙语为主要语言和传统语言的人的名词形容词性别一致性处理的研究中的眼动追踪数据。按名词类别进行的成对比较表明，两组人在协议处理的时间过程中对男性名词的性别侵犯表现出比对女性名词的侵犯更早的敏感度，尽管传统发言者对这两个类别的错误的敏感度出现得较晚。当单词出现在名词和形容词之间时，检测男性名词性别侵犯的时间过程优势就消失了。总之，即使母语输入显着减少，母语西班牙语解析器也会在在线计算性别一致性依赖性期间利用标记信息。