INTRODUCTION There is a lack of studies evaluating mindfulness-based interventions for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with an evidence-based control. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effects of mindfulness for youth (MYmind) in improving children's attention, behavior, and parent-related outcomes versus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). METHODS A total of 138 families of children with ADHD aged 8-12 years were recruited from the community with 69 randomized to MYmind and 69 to CBT. Participants were assessed at baseline, immediately after intervention, at 3 months and 6 months. The primary outcome was the attention score of the Sky Search subtest of the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch). Secondary outcomes were child behavior and parent-related assessments. Linear mixed models were used to assess the efficacy of MYmind compared with CBT. RESULTS Both MYmind and CBT significantly improved children's attention score at 6 months (MYmind: β = 1.48, p = 0.013, Cohen's d = 0.32; CBT: β = 1.46, p = 0.008, d = 0.27). There were significant within-group improvements in most secondary outcomes. No significant difference was shown for both primary or secondary outcomes between the two arms at any time point. CONCLUSIONS Both MYmind and CBT appeared to improve children's attention and behavior outcomes, although no difference was found between these two interventions. This is the largest RCT so far comparing MYmind and CBT although there was loss of follow-up assessments during the pandemic. Further RCTs adopting a non-inferiority design are needed to validate the results.

中文翻译：

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青少年正念（MYmind）与团体认知行为疗法在提高注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童及其父母的注意力和减少行为问题方面的效果：一项随机对照试验。


引言 目前缺乏评估针对注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 儿童的正念干预措施与循证对照干预措施的研究。这项随机对照试验 (RCT) 评估了青少年正念 (MYmind) 与认知行为疗法 (CBT) 相比，在改善儿童注意力、行为和父母相关结果方面的效果。方法 从社区招募了 138 个 8-12 岁 ADHD 儿童家庭，其中 69 个随机接受 MYmind，69 个随机接受 CBT。参与者在基线、干预后立即、3 个月和 6 个月时接受评估。主要结果是儿童日常注意力测试 (TEA-Ch) 的 Sky Search 子测试的注意力得分。次要结果是儿童行为和与家长相关的评估。使用线性混合模型来评估 MYmind 与 CBT 相比的功效。结果 MYmind 和 CBT 均显着提高了 6 个月时儿童的注意力评分（MYmind：β = 1.48，p = 0.013，Cohen's d = 0.32；CBT：β = 1.46，p = 0.008，d = 0.27）。大多数次要结局都有显着的组内改善。在任何时间点，两组之间的主要或次要结果均未显示出显着差异。结论 MYmind 和 CBT 似乎都能改善儿童的注意力和行为结果，尽管这两种干预措施之间没有发现差异。这是迄今为止比较 MYmind 和 CBT 的最大随机对照试验，尽管在大流行期间丢失了后续评估。需要进一步采用非劣效性设计的随机对照试验来验证结果。