Liquid biopsy, an advanced technology for analyzing body fluid samples, is gaining traction in cancer diagnostics and monitoring. Blood-based liquid biopsy, particularly focusing on cell-free DNAs (cf-DNAs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), has garnered significant attention. EVs stand out for their potential in tumor diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and treatment response assessment, owing to their stable molecular cargo and clear extraction process. At the recent American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2024, groundbreaking EVs-based liquid biopsy studies showcased promising strides in early detection and diagnosis of various cancers, including breast cancer (BC), high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), colorectal cancer (CRC), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), head and neck cancer (HNC), neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma (RB). Despite these advancements, challenges persist in translating EVs biomarkers into clinical practice. Overcoming these challenges promises to propel EVs-based liquid biopsy into a new era of personalized precision medicine, revolutionizing cancer detection, monitoring, and treatment.

中文翻译：

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使用液体活检利用细胞外囊泡进行癌症诊断和监测：AACR 2024 年年会的亮点


液体活检是一种用于分析体液样本的先进技术，在癌症诊断和监测中越来越受欢迎。基于血液的液体活检，特别是针对游离 DNA （cf-DNA）、循环肿瘤细胞 （CTC） 和细胞外囊泡 （EV），已获得广泛关注。EVs 因其稳定的分子货物和清晰的提取过程而因其在肿瘤诊断、预后预测和治疗反应评估方面的潜力而脱颖而出。在最近的美国癌症研究协会 （AACR） 2024 年年会上，基于 EV 的开创性液体活检研究展示了各种癌症的早期检测和诊断方面取得的可喜进展，包括乳腺癌 （BC）、高级别浆液性卵巢癌 （HGSOC）、胰腺导管腺癌 （PDAC）、结直肠癌 （CRC）、结肠腺癌 （COAD）、头颈癌 （HNC）、神经母细胞瘤和视网膜母细胞瘤 （RB）。尽管取得了这些进步，但在将 EV 生物标志物转化为临床实践方面仍然存在挑战。克服这些挑战有望推动基于 EV 的液体活检进入个性化精准医疗的新时代，彻底改变癌症检测、监测和治疗。