A lack of charging opportunities is cited as one of the main barriers to the adoption of plug-in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Charging opportunities are even more limited for the millions of households across Europe without the space to charge a vehicle at home, but research has not previously targeted these households. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing whether and how such residential parking constraints shape norms, attitudes and perceived behavioural control over charging, and thus intentions to adopt a BEV. Data from a nationally representative survey of car drivers in the UK without a private driveway or garage captures the perspective of these individuals who have different characteristics from early adopters of BEVs. The results show that personal norms around the environmental benefits of BEVs and positive attitudes towards BEV technology have the greatest influence on intentions to adopt, whilst social norms and perceived behavioural control over charging are less influential. The results also show that high income men are most likely to hold positive social norms that boost their intentions to adopt BEVs, whilst geographical context affects both social norms and perceived behavioural control over charging. In summary, the psychological approach applied shows that a more inclusive transition to BEVs is best supported by policies that first focus on emphasising their environmental benefits and that they are fun and economical to drive, and then look to increase social expectations and awareness of BEVs and charging infrastructure.

缺乏充电机会被认为是采用插电式电动汽车（BEV）的主要障碍之一。对于欧洲数百万家庭来说，充电机会更加有限，因为家里没有空间为车辆充电，但此前的研究并未针对这些家庭。本研究旨在通过评估此类住宅停车限制是否以及如何影响充电规范、态度和感知行为控制，从而影响采用纯电动汽车的意图，从而填补这一空白。对英国没有私人车道或车库的汽车驾驶员进行的全国代表性调查的数据反映了这些人的观点，他们与早期纯电动汽车采用者具有不同的特征。结果表明，围绕纯电动汽车环境效益的个人规范和对纯电动汽车技术的积极态度对采用意图影响最大，而社会规范和对充电的感知行为控制影响较小。研究结果还表明，高收入男性最有可能持有积极的社会规范，从而增强他们采用纯电动汽车的意愿，而地理环境会影响社会规范和对充电的感知行为控制。总之，所采用的心理学方法表明，向纯电动汽车更具包容性的过渡最好得到政策的支持，这些政策首先侧重于强调其环境效益以及驾驶的乐趣和经济性，然后寻求提高社会对纯电动汽车的期望和认识，充电基础设施。