This study examines the hypotheses that the traits of higher IQ, longer education and taller height are associated with lower risk of death as compared to traits of low IQ, short education, and short height in men with schizophrenia compared to men without schizophrenia. In total, 937,919 men born 1939-59 and 1983–1997 with information from conscription were followed for incident schizophrenia in Danish registries. Higher levels of cognitive ability, longer education, and taller height were associated with fewer cases of schizophrenia. In a sub-sample of 652,368 men with information on body mass index, underweight was associated with more and overweight and obesity were associated with fewer cases of schizophrenia compared with normal weight. Higher cognitive ability, longer education, and taller height were associated with fewer deaths from both natural and unnatural causes in both men with and without schizophrenia. Underweight was associated with more deaths from natural and unnatural causes, whereas overweight and obesity were associated with more deaths from natural causes and fewer deaths from unnatural causes in both groups of men. Due to interaction, tall height and long educational duration were associated with fewer deaths from natural causes, and obesity was associated with fewer deaths from unnatural causes among men with schizophrenia compared to men without. In conclusion, traits in young adulthood are associated with higher mortality in men with and without schizophrenia, but traits of long educational duration and obesity seem to be especially important for lower mortality in men with schizophrenia.

本研究检验了以下假设：与非精神分裂症男性相比，精神分裂症患者的高智商、较长受教育时间和较高身高的特征与低智商、较短受教育程度和矮身高特征相比，与较低的死亡风险相关。丹麦登记处对 937,919 名 1939-59 年和 1983-1997 年出生的男性进行了精神分裂症事件跟踪调查，这些男性均获得了征兵信息。认知能力水平较高、受教育时间较长和身高较高与精神分裂症病例较少相关。在包含体重指数信息的 652,368 名男性子样本中，与正常体重相比，体重不足与精神分裂症病例增多相关，超重和肥胖与精神分裂症病例减少相关。无论患有或未患有精神分裂症的男性，较高的认知能力、较长的受教育时间和较高的身高与自然和非自然原因导致的死亡较少有关。在两组男性中，体重不足与自然和非自然原因导致的死亡较多有关，而超重和肥胖则与自然原因造成的死亡较多和非自然原因造成的死亡较少有关。由于相互作用，身高高和受教育时间长与自然原因死亡较少相关，而与非精神分裂症男性相比，肥胖与精神分裂症男性非自然原因死亡较少相关。总之，成年早期的特征与患有或不患有精神分裂症的男性的较高死亡率相关，但受教育年限长和肥胖的特征似乎对于精神分裂症男性的较低死亡率尤其重要。