Food web context modifies predator foraging and weakens trophic interaction strength,Ecology Letters

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Food web context modifies predator foraging and weakens trophic interaction strength
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-27 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.14475
Kimberley D Lemmen ₁ , Frank Pennekamp ₁

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Trophic interaction modifications (TIM) are widespread in natural systems and occur when a third species indirectly alters the strength of a trophic interaction. Past studies have focused on documenting the existence and magnitude of TIMs; however, the underlying processes and long‐term consequences remain elusive. To address this gap, we experimentally quantified the density‐dependent effect of a third species on a predator's functional response. We conducted short‐term experiments with ciliate communities composed of a predator, prey and non‐consumable ‘modifier’ species. In both communities, increasing modifier density weakened the trophic interaction strength, due to a negative effect on the predator's space clearance rate. Simulated long‐term dynamics indicate quantitative differences between models that account for TIMs or include only pairwise interactions. Our study demonstrates that TIMs are important to understand and predict community dynamics and highlights the need to move beyond focal species pairs to understand the consequences of species interactions in communities.

中文翻译：

食物网环境改变了捕食者的觅食并削弱了营养相互作用的强度

营养相互作用改变（TIM）在自然系统中广泛存在，当第三个物种间接改变营养相互作用的强度时就会发生。过去的研究主要集中在记录 TIM 的存在和程度；然而，潜在的过程和长期后果仍然难以捉摸。为了解决这一差距，我们通过实验量化了第三种物种对捕食者功能反应的密度依赖性影响。我们对由捕食者、猎物和非消耗性“修饰”物种组成的纤毛虫群落进行了短期实验。在这两个群落中，由于对捕食者的空间清除率产生负面影响，增加修饰剂密度削弱了营养相互作用的强度。模拟的长期动态表明考虑 TIM 或仅包含成对相互作用的模型之间存在定量差异。我们的研究表明，TIM 对于理解和预测群落动态非常重要，并强调需要超越焦点物种对来理解群落中物种相互作用的后果。

更新日期：2024-07-27

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