Marine pollution research in the last 15 years focused on an emerging anthropogenic contaminant: plastic debris and more specifically, microplastics. Since, not only its physical impacts on marine invertebrates were studied, but also its additives. Phthalate, a plasticizer commonly found in the ocean and known endocrine disruptor was already observed in different aquatic invertebrates, but few is known about its presence and possible effects in Porifera physiology. Our study aimed to analyze potential shifts in Hymeniacidon heliophila (Desmosponge) microbiome after exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most common phthalate found in the ocean, in three different doses for 4 and 24 h. Results indicate that alpha diversity had significantly changed between control and exposed organisms but not in all multicomparisons. Microbial community structure changed after exposure as well although most abundant phyla did not vary along the experiment. The core microbiome between control and each exposed organisms contained the vast majority of total ASVs and a few ASVs were exclusive to each experimental group. After DEHP exposure, microbial classes had significant changes and species with phthalate degradation enzymes were identified in a specifically dose dependent manner pointing to a possible bacterial consortium responsible for the phthalate degradation. The bacterial detoxification activity may lead to H. heliophila resistance during DEHP exposure in polluted environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯 （DEHP） 对海洋海绵 Hymeniacidon heliophila 微生物组的影响


过去 15 年的海洋污染研究集中在一种新兴的人为污染物上：塑料碎片，更具体地说，是微塑料。因为，不仅研究了它对海洋无脊椎动物的物理影响，还研究了它的添加剂。邻苯二甲酸酯是一种常见于海洋的增塑剂，是已知的内分泌干扰物，已经在不同的水生无脊椎动物中观察到，但对其在 Porifera 生理学中的存在和可能的影响知之甚少。我们的研究旨在分析暴露于三种不同剂量的邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯 （DEHP） 4 小时和 24 小时后嗜日膜膜女菌 （Desmosponge） 微生物组的潜在变化。结果表明，对照生物体和暴露生物体之间的 α 多样性发生了显著变化，但在所有多重比较中并非如此。微生物群落结构在暴露后也发生了变化，尽管大多数丰富的门在实验过程中没有变化。对照组和每个暴露生物体之间的核心微生物组包含绝大多数总 ASV，少数 ASV 是每个实验组独有的。暴露于 DEHP 后，微生物类别发生显着变化，并且以特异性剂量依赖性方式鉴定出具有邻苯二甲酸酯降解酶的物种，表明可能负责邻苯二甲酸酯降解的细菌财团。细菌解毒活性可能导致在污染环境条件下暴露于 DEHP 期间对嗜日嗜嗜血杆菌产生耐药性。