Nanoplastics (NPs), plastic particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm are ubiquitous environmental pollutants infiltrating ecosystems. Their small size and widespread use in various products raise concerns for human health, particularly their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). NPs can enter the human body through multiple routes, causing oxidative stress, and leading to the senescence and dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs). Although there are potential natural compounds for treating CVD, there is limited research on preventing CVD induced by NPs. This study investigates the efficacy of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) in preventing NPs-induced premature vascular senescence and dysfunction. Exposure of porcine coronary arteries (PCAs) and porcine coronary ECs to NPs, either alone or in combination with ECE, demonstrated that ECE mitigates senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity induced by NPs, thus preventing premature endothelial senescence. ECE also improved NPs-induced vascular dysfunction. The identified active ingredient in Ecklonia cava, 2,7’-Phloroglucinol-6,6′-bieckol (PHB), a phlorotannin, proved to be pivotal in these protective effects. PHB treatment ameliorated SA-β-gal activity, reduced oxidative stress, restored cell proliferation, and decreased the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as p53, p21, p16, and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), well known triggers for EC senescence. Moreover, PHB also improved NPs-induced vascular dysfunction by upregulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and restoring endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In conclusion, Ecklonia cava and its active ingredient, PHB, exhibit potential as therapeutic agents against NPs-induced premature EC senescence and dysfunction, indicating a protective effect against environmental pollutants-induced CVDs associated with vascular dysfunction.

中文翻译：

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来自 Ecklonia cava 的 2,7-间苯三酚-6,6′-bieckol 改善纳米塑料诱导的内皮过早衰老和功能障碍


纳米塑料 （NPs），即 1 至 100 nm 的塑料颗粒，是渗透到生态系统中无处不在的环境污染物。它们体积小，在各种产品中广泛使用，引起了人们对人类健康的担忧，特别是它们与心血管疾病 （CVD） 的关联。NPs 可通过多种途径进入人体，引起氧化应激，导致内皮细胞 （ECs） 衰老和功能障碍。尽管有潜在的天然化合物可用于治疗 CVD，但关于预防 NPs 诱导的 CVD 的研究有限。本研究调查了 Ecklonia cava 提取物 （ECE） 在预防 NPs 诱导的血管过早衰老和功能障碍方面的疗效。猪冠状动脉 （PCA） 和猪冠状动脉 EC 单独或与 ECE 联合暴露于 NPs 表明，ECE 减轻了 NP 诱导的衰老相关 β-半乳糖苷酶 （SA-β-gal） 活性，从而防止内皮过早衰老。ECE 还改善了 NPs 诱导的血管功能障碍。Ecklonia cava 中鉴定的活性成分 2,7'-根皮葡萄糖-6,6'-bieckol （PHB） 是一种根皮单宁，被证明在这些保护作用中起着关键作用。PHB 治疗改善了 SA-β-gal 活性，降低了氧化应激，恢复了细胞增殖，并降低了细胞周期调节蛋白的表达，如 p53、p21、p16 和血管紧张素 1 型受体 （AT1），这些都是众所周知的 EC 衰老触发因素。此外，PHB 还通过上调内皮一氧化氮合酶 （eNOS） 表达和恢复内皮依赖性血管舒张来改善 NPs 诱导的血管功能障碍。 总之，Ecklonia cava 及其活性成分 PHB 具有作为治疗剂的潜力，可对抗 NPs 诱导的 EC 过早衰老和功能障碍，表明对环境污染物诱导的与血管功能障碍相关的 CVD 具有保护作用。