The intracellular journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) cannot be ignored in various biological pathological processes. In this review, the biogenesis, biological functions, uptake pathways, intracellular trafficking routes, and biomedical applications of EVs were highlighted. Endosomal escape is a unique mode of EVs release. When vesicles escape from endosomes, they avoid the fate of fusing with lysosomes and being degraded, thus having the opportunity to directly enter the cytoplasm or other organelles. This escape mechanism is crucial for EVs to deliver specific signals or substances. The intracellular trafficking of EVs after endosomal escape is a complex and significant biological process that involves the coordinated work of various cellular structures and molecules. Through the in-depth study of this process, the function and regulatory mechanism of EVs are fully understood, providing new dimensions for future biomedical diagnosis and treatment.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡被忽视的细胞内旅程和生物医学应用


细胞外囊泡（EV）的细胞内旅程在各种生物病理过程中都不可忽视。在这篇综述中，重点介绍了 EV 的生物合成、生物功能、摄取途径、细胞内运输途径和生物医学应用。内体逃逸是 EV 释放的一种独特模式。当囊泡逃离内体时，它们避免了与溶酶体融合并被降解的命运，从而有机会直接进入细胞质或其他细胞器。这种逃逸机制对于电动汽车传递特定信号或物质至关重要。内体逃逸后 EV 的细胞内运输是一个复杂而重要的生物过程，涉及各种细胞结构和分子的协调工作。通过对该过程的深入研究，充分了解EV的功能和调控机制，为未来的生物医学诊断和治疗提供新的维度。