Determining the chemical quality of soil organic matter and decomposing organisms is critical for predicting carbon fluxes in ecosystems. However, the classical C/N and lignin/N ratios have been criticized for their capability in predicting ecosystem function including litter decay rate, nitrogen mineralization and soil aggregation. Therefore, with our work we aim to complement information on the chemical properties of primary producers and decomposers based on C NMR. Overall, 108 unique C NMR spectra were collected from higher plant tissues including leaf litter, fine roots, woody debris, as well as a range of microbes i.e. bacteria, fungi, and marine algae. Results showed clear discrimination between organisms belonging to different kingdoms, but with limited variability within bacteria, fungi, and microalgae. In detail, bacteria were found to be distinct not only from plant tissues but also from fungi, characterized by a high proportion of alkyl and carbonyl C types and a rather low relative abundance of O Alkyl C and di-O Alkyl C types. Among the fungi, we found clear separation between yeasts, which are more similar to bacteria, and filamentous species, which are rich in O Alkyl and di-O Alkyl C types. Microalgae are characterized by a high content of aliphatic, carboxylic and methoxyl C fractions. In the spectra of terrestrial plants, the O Alkyl C region, associated with sugars and cellulose, is more abundant compared to algae and bacteria. In addition, the aromatic carbon signal, which is mainly associated with lignin, is much higher for higher plants than in microorganisms. As for plant tissues, woody tissues are clearly different from leaves and fine roots, with grasses, sedges, and ferns being well distinguished from forbs, coniferous and deciduous trees. In summary, our study contains the largest freely available C NMR spectral library of bacteria, fungi, algae, and higher plant tissues. However, the data from higher plants are sufficient to cover different functional types, which is not yet possible for bacteria and fungi.

中文翻译：

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通过 13C CPMAS NMR 光谱对生物体进行多界表征，揭示细菌、真菌、藻类和高等植物的独特性状


确定土壤有机质和分解生物的化学质量对于预测生态系统中的碳通量至关重要。然而，经典的 C/N 和木质素/N 比率因其预测生态系统功能（包括凋落物腐烂率、氮矿化和土壤团聚）的能力而受到批评。因此，我们的目标是通过我们的工作补充基于 13C NMR 的初级生产者和分解者的化学性质信息。总体而言，从高等植物组织中收集了 108 个独特的 13 C NMR 光谱，包括落叶层、细根、木质碎片以及一系列微生物，即细菌、真菌和海藻。结果显示，属于不同界的生物体之间存在明显的区别，但细菌、真菌和微藻之间的变异性有限。具体而言，细菌不仅与植物组织不同，而且与真菌不同，其特征是烷基和羰基 C 类型比例较高，O 烷基 C 类型和二-O 烷基 C 类型相对丰度较低。在真菌中，我们发现酵母（更类似于细菌）和丝状物种（富含 O 烷基和二-O 烷基 C 类型）之间有明显的分离。微藻的特点是脂肪族、羧基和甲氧基 C 组分含量高。在陆地植物的光谱中，与糖和纤维素相关的 O 烷基 C 区域比藻类和细菌更丰富。此外，高等植物的芳香碳信号（主要与木质素相关）比微生物中的要高得多。至于植物组织，木本组织与叶和细根明显不同，草、莎草和蕨类植物与非禾本科植物、针叶树和落叶树有很好的区别。 总之，我们的研究包含最大的免费可用的细菌、真菌、藻类和高等植物组织的 13 C NMR 谱库。然而，来自高等植物的数据足以涵盖不同的功能类型，这对于细菌和真菌来说尚不可能。