The “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost is distributed in Eurasia's middle and high latitudes. It incorporates features observed in high-altitude and high-latitude permafrost, yet it possesses unique characteristics and is sensitive to climate and environmental changes. The characteristics of the “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost are systematically summarized, including permafrost distribution, taliks, ground ice, active layer thickness, ground temperature, permafrost thickness, and both zonality and non-zonality patterns. Further, this study clarifies the changing characteristics of regional degradation and local growth of permafrost under climate warming and environmental changes. The significant changes occurring in the “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost are assessed in terms of their important and ongoing impacts on regional water‑carbon cycles, ecological succession, landscapes and engineering in cold regions. The interchange between beneficial and adverse effects is revealed in the process of permafrost degradation. In the future, a comprehensive understanding of the degradation pattern of the “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost necessitates strengthened regional surveys and long-term continuous monitoring. Model development should account for the unique characteristics of the “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost and its environment changes, enhancing the accuracy of research on permafrost change and environmental evolution. Through the systematic and comprehensive elaboration of the mechanisms underlying synergistic permafrost-environment evolution, these efforts will provide a scientific basis for responding to climate warming and promoting sustainable regional development.

中文翻译：

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气候变暖对“兴安—贝加尔”多年冻土的退化和局部生长及其后果


“兴安—贝加尔”多年冻土分布于欧亚大陆中高纬度地区。它融合了在高海拔和高纬度多年冻土中观察到的特征，但具有独特的特性，对气候和环境变化敏感。系统总结了“兴安—贝加尔”多年冻土的特征，包括多年冻土分布、冻土层、地冰、活动层厚度、地温、多年冻土厚度、带状和非带状格局等。此外，本研究阐明了气候变暖和环境变化下多年冻土区域退化和局部增长的变化特征。评估“兴安-贝加尔”多年冻土发生的重大变化对寒区区域水碳循环、生态演替、景观和工程的重要和持续影响。有利影响和不利影响之间的相互影响在永久冻土退化过程中得以揭示。未来，全面了解“兴安—贝加尔”多年冻土的退化格局，需要加强区域调查和长期连续监测。模型开发应考虑“兴安—贝加尔”多年冻土及其环境变化的独特特征，提高多年冻土变化和环境演化研究的准确性。通过系统、全面地阐述多年冻土-环境协同演化机制，将为应对气候变暖、促进区域可持续发展提供科学依据。