Monocarpic senescence, characterized by whole-plant senescence following a single flowering phase, is widespread in seed plants, particularly in crops, determining seed harvest time and quality. However, how external and internal signals are systemically integrated into monocarpic senescence remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the transcription factor WRKY1 plays essential roles in multiple key steps of monocarpic senescence. expression is induced by age, salicylic acid (SA), and nitrogen (N) deficiency. Flowering and leaf senescence are accelerated in the overexpression lines but are delayed in the mutants. The combined DNA affinity purification sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses uncover the direct target genes of WRKY1. Further studies show that WRKY1 coordinately regulates three processes in monocarpic senescence: (1) suppressing gene expression to initiate flowering, (2) inducing SA biosynthesis genes to promote leaf senescence, and (3) activating the N assimilation and transport genes to trigger N remobilization. In summary, our study reveals how one stress-responsive transcription factor, WRKY1, integrates flowering, leaf senescence, and N remobilization processes into monocarpic senescence, providing important insights into plant lifetime regulation.

中文翻译：

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拟南芥 WRKY1 通过综合调控开花、叶片衰老和氮再动员促进单果衰老


单果衰老的特征是单个开花期后全株衰老，在种子植物中广泛存在，尤其是在作物中，决定了种子收获的时间和质量。然而，外部和内部信号如何系统地整合到单果衰老中在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里，我们报道了转录因子 WRKY1 在单果衰老的多个关键步骤中起着重要作用。年龄、水杨酸 （SA） 和氮 （N） 缺乏诱导表达。开花和叶片衰老在过表达系中加速，但在突变体中延迟。DNA 亲和纯化测序和 RNA 测序分析相结合，揭示了 WRKY1 的直接靶基因。进一步的研究表明，WRKY1 协调调节单果衰老的三个过程：（1） 抑制基因表达以启动开花，（2） 诱导 SA 生物合成基因促进叶片衰老，以及 （3） 激活 N 同化和转运基因以触发 N 再动员。总之，我们的研究揭示了一种胁迫响应转录因子 WRKY1 如何将开花、叶片衰老和 N 再动员过程整合到单果衰老中，为植物生命周期调控提供了重要的见解。