The conflict over Wallmapu-Araucanía in southern Chile, between the Spanish conquistadores, the Chilean state and the Mapuche peoples, dates from the 16th century, with a key moment being the forced integration of Mapuche land into the Chilean state in the late nineteenth century. This paper discusses this long period of conflict in three moments: conquest, occupation and liberation, and it focuses on the use of fire as a politico-symbolic and techno-productive tool. A ‘landscapes of power framework’ is used for this historical political ecology analysis, based on texts from the nineteenth century to the present. The conclusions point to the historical importance of the use of fire as a tool not only for physical changes in the landscape, but principally as a tool of political symbolism that relates to a history of conflict of terror and displacement, used by the forces of occupation and resistance.

中文翻译：

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Wallmapu-Araucanía 着火了！智利南部统治时期的火的历史政治生态学


西班牙征服者、智利国家和马普切人之间围绕智利南部瓦尔马普-阿劳卡尼亚的冲突可以追溯到 16 世纪，其中一个关键时刻是 19 世纪后期马普切土地被迫并入智利国家。本文从征服、占领和解放三个时刻讨论了这一漫长的冲突时期，并重点介绍了将火用作政治象征和技术生产工具的使用。“权力景观框架”用于这种历史政治生态学分析，基于 19 世纪至今的文本。结论指出，使用火不仅作为景观物理变化的工具，而且主要作为一种政治象征工具，与占领和抵抗力量使用的恐怖冲突和流离失所的历史有关，具有历史意义。