Hot water epilepsy (HWE) is a type of epilepsy that primarily affects children. This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG), neuroimaging findings, and treatment options in children with HWE. The medical records of 24 patients who had HWE were evaluated retrospectively. There were 2767 patients diagnosed with epilepsy during the seven-year period, and 0.86 % of the patients had HWE. The median age of the patients was three (range 1.2–7 years), with a male predominance (male/female ratio: 7.1). Six patients (25 %) had HWE with spontaneous seizures (HWESS) and 18 patients (75 %) had HWE alone (HWEA). 11 patients had focal onset seizures, 13 patients had generalized onset seizures. EEG abnormalities were found in 7 patients (29.2 %). Three patients (12.5 %) had nonspecific MRI findings. Developmental abnormalities (autism spectrum disorder, learning disability and speech disturbance.) were detected in 8 patients (33.3 %). Only one patient's (4.2 %) seizure could be controlled by changing bathroom habits. Twenty-three patients (95.8 %) were given antiepileptic drugs. 18 of 24 patients had come for follow-up visits for two years, nine of them used monotherapy and seizures did not recur. The treatment response was 55.5 %. Oxcarbazepine (8 patients, 33.3 %) and valproic acid (7 patients, 29.2 %) were the most chosen two drugs for HWE. The genetic tests performed were not accepted relevant to the patients' clinical conditions and epilepsy. The frequency of the HWE was not as high in the literature. Male predominance, EEG abnormalities may be seen. Changing bath room habits did not improve the treatment as a first line management, all the patients except one used antiepileptic drug treatment. Until now, there has been no study in Turkey showing the frequency of HWE exclusively in children.

中文翻译：

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儿童时期伴有单独和自发性癫痫发作的热水癫痫


热水癫痫（HWE）是一种主要影响儿童的癫痫类型。本研究旨在评估 HWE 儿童的临床、脑电图 (EEG)、神经影像学结果和治疗选择。对 24 例 HWE 患者的病历进行回顾性评估。七年间共有 2767 名患者被诊断患有癫痫，其中 0.86% 的患者患有 HWE。患者的中位年龄为 3 岁（范围 1.2-7 岁），以男性为主（男女比例：7.1）。 6 名患者 (25%) 患有伴有自发性癫痫发作 (HWESS) 的 HWE，18 名患者 (75%) 仅有 HWE (HWEA)。 11名患者出现局灶性癫痫发作，13名患者出现全身性癫痫发作。 7 名患者（29.2%）发现脑电图异常。三名患者 (12.5%) 出现非特异性 MRI 发现。 8 名患者（33.3%）被发现存在发育异常（自闭症谱系障碍、学习障碍和言语障碍）。只有一名患者（4.2%）的癫痫发作可以通过改变如厕习惯得到控制。 23 名患者（95.8%）接受了抗癫痫药物治疗。 24名患者中有18名前来随访两年，其中9名采用单一疗法，癫痫没有复发。治疗反应率为 55.5%。奥卡西平（8 名患者，33.3%）和丙戊酸（7 名患者，29.2%）是 HWE 最常选择的两种药物。所进行的基因检测与患者的临床状况和癫痫相关不被接受。 HWE 的频率在文献中并不高。男性多见，脑电图可见异常。作为一线管理，改变洗澡习惯并没有改善治疗，除一名患者外，所有患者均使用抗癫痫药物治疗。 到目前为止，土耳其还没有研究表明 HWE 只发生在儿童中。