Soybean meal is known to be able to cause intestinal damage and dysfunction in early-weaned piglets. However, research on natural compounds that can alleviate these effects is scarce. In this study, the effect of luteolin, a natural flavonoid, on intestinal health of piglets fed on a soybean meal-based diet was explored. A total of eighteen 21-d-old piglets were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: a negative control group fed with an animal protein-based diet, a positive control group fed with a soybean meal-based diet, and a luteolin group that was fed with the positive control diet supplemented with luteolin. The results suggested that luteolin supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of early-weaned piglets, while effectively reducing the diarrhea incidence. Additionally, luteolin supplementation lowered the levels of soybean antigen-specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin E anitbodies, increased the superoxide dismutase activity in both sera and small intestine mucosa, and enhanced the total antioxidant capacity in sera. Further research found that luteolin supplementation increased the intestinal villi height and decreased the crypt depth, resulting in an increased ratio of villi to crypts. At the same time, it reduced the concentration of serum diamine oxidase, improving intestinal barrier function. Moreover, luteolin significantly decreased the gene expression of Bax and Caspase-3, reducing cell apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa. Luteolin supplementation also increased the abundance of Actinobacteria at the phylum level, reduced the abundance of Prevotella and increased the abundance of Olsenella at the genus level. In conclusion, the supplementation of luteolin to the soybean meal diet was capable of effectively reducing allergic response, enhancing the antioxidant capacity of early-weaned piglets, protecting their intestinal barrier function, inhibiting intestinal mucosal cell apoptosis, and altering the intestinal microbiota structure, therefore promoting intestinal health and improving production performance in early-weaned piglets.

中文翻译：

---

木犀草素是一种天然类黄酮，对豆粕诱导的早期断奶仔猪肠道损伤具有保护作用


众所周知，豆粕能够对早期断奶仔猪造成肠道损伤和功能障碍。然而，对可以减轻这些影响的天然化合物的研究很少。在这项研究中，探讨了木犀草素（一种天然类黄酮）对以豆粕为基础的饮食喂养的仔猪肠道健康的影响。共选取 18 头 21 d 龄仔猪，随机分为 3 组：阴性对照组饲喂动物蛋白日粮，阳性对照组饲喂豆粕日粮，以及饲喂阳性对照日粮补充木犀草素的木犀草素组。结果表明，补充木犀草素显著提高了早期断奶仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量，同时有效降低了腹泻的发生率。此外，补充木犀草素降低了大豆抗原特异性免疫球蛋白 G 和免疫球蛋白 E 抗体的水平，增加了血清和小肠粘膜中的超氧化物歧化酶活性，并增强了血清中的总抗氧化能力。进一步的研究发现，补充木犀草素增加了肠绒毛高度并降低了隐窝深度，导致绒毛与隐窝的比例增加。同时降低血清二胺氧化酶浓度，改善肠道屏障功能。此外，木犀草素显著降低 Bax 和 Caspase-3 的基因表达，减少肠粘膜细胞凋亡。补充木犀草素还在门水平上增加了放线菌门的丰度，降低了普雷沃氏菌的丰度，并在属水平上增加了奥森氏菌的丰度。 综上所述，在豆粕日粮中添加木犀草素能够有效降低早期断奶仔猪的过敏反应，增强其抗氧化能力，保护其肠道屏障功能，抑制肠粘膜细胞凋亡，改变肠道菌群结构，从而促进早期断奶仔猪肠道健康，提高生产性能。