The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function leads to a loss of independence and an increased reliance on health-care. Mitochondria are crucial in the aetiology of sarcopenia and have been identified as key targets for interventions that can attenuate declines in physical capacity. Exercise training is a primary intervention that reduces many of the deleterious effects of ageing in skeletal muscle quality and function. However, habitual levels of physical activity decline with age, making it necessary to implement adjunct treatments to maintain skeletal muscle mitochondrial health and physical function. This review provides an overview of the effects of ageing and exercise training on human skeletal muscle mitochondria and considers several supplements that have plausible mechanistic underpinning to improve physical function in ageing through their interactions with mitochondria. Several supplements, including MitoQ, urolithin A, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFAs), and a combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) can improve physical function in older individuals through a variety of inter-dependent mechanisms including increases in mitochondrial biogenesis and energetics, decreases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission and oxidative damage, and improvements in mitochondrial quality control. While there is evidence that some nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors can improve physical function in older individuals, such an outcome seems unrelated to and independent of changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Future research should investigate the safety and efficacy of compounds that can improve skeletal muscle health in preclinical models through mechanisms involving mitochondria, such as mitochondrial-derived peptides and mitochondrial uncouplers, with a view to extending the human health-span.

与年龄相关的骨骼肌质量和身体功能的丧失导致独立性的丧失和对医疗保健的依赖增加。线粒体在肌肉减少症的病因学中至关重要，并已被确定为可以减轻身体能力下降的干预措施的关键目标。运动训练是一种主要干预措施，可以减少衰老对骨骼肌质量和功能的许多有害影响。然而，身体活动的习惯水平随着年龄的增长而下降，因此有必要实施辅助治疗以维持骨骼肌线粒体的健康和身体功能。这篇综述概述了衰老和运动训练对人类骨骼肌线粒体的影响，并考虑了几种补充剂，它们具有合理的机制基础，可以通过与线粒体的相互作用来改善衰老过程中的身体功能。多种补充剂，包括 MitoQ、尿石素 A、omega-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 (n3-PUFA) 以及甘氨酸和 N-乙酰半胱氨酸 (GlyNAC) 的组合，可以通过多种相互依赖的机制改善老年人的身体机能，包括增加线粒体生物合成和能量学方面的研究，减少线粒体活性氧排放和氧化损伤，以及改善线粒体质量控制。虽然有证据表明某些烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸前体可以改善老年人的身体功能，但这种结果似乎与骨骼肌线粒体功能的变化无关且独立。 未来的研究应该研究通过涉及线粒体的机制（例如线粒体衍生肽和线粒体解偶联剂）在临床前模型中改善骨骼肌健康的化合物的安全性和有效性，以期延长人类的健康寿命。