Academic AbstractStronger theory on the nature of human well-being is needed, especially as well-being indicators are increasingly utilized in policy contexts. Building on Erik Allardt, who argued that a theory of well-being is, in essence, a theory of human nature, I propose four modes of existence each capturing one dimension central to human well-being: Having recognizes humans as biological creatures requiring certain material resources for survival. Loving captures human social nature and our dependence on others for well-being. Doing highlights the active and agentic nature of human existence. Being acknowledges humans as experiencing their existence. Each mode of existence gives rise to a few more specific needs, and a full assessment of human well-being requires both subjective and objective indicators tapping into these needs. The proposed theory integrates psychological well-being research with sociological and philosophical traditions and contributes to debates about how the progress of nations and sustainability should be measured.Public AbstractWell-being is something we all value individually, and it is also a key political goal. Accordingly, how we define and measure well-being influences what physicians, managers, policy-makers, politicians, and international organizations aim to improve through their work. Better theories of well-being make better measurement of well-being possible, which makes possible more effective and evidence-based advancement of human well-being. In this spirit, the present article argues that there are four fundamental dimensions to human well-being: Having highlights that as biological creatures, we have physical needs, loving highlights human social needs, doing highlights that we are active and agentic beings with goals and strivings, and being highlights that we feel and evaluate our lives. To assess well-being, we need measures tapping into all four of these dimensions. And to assess the sustainability of well-being, we need to examine how to provide well-being for all humanity while remaining within planetary boundaries.

中文翻译：

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存在即拥有、爱和做：人类福祉理论


学术摘要需要关于人类福祉本质的更强有力的理论，特别是随着福祉指标越来越多地在政策背景下使用。埃里克·阿拉特 (Erik Allardt) 认为，福祉理论本质上是一种人性理论，在此基础上，我提出了四种存在模式，每种模式都抓住了人类福祉的一个核心维度：生存的物质资源。爱体现了人类的社会本性以及我们对他人福祉的依赖。行动凸显了人类存在的主动性和能动性。存在承认人类正在经历他们的存在。每一种生存方式都会产生一些更具体的需求，而对人类福祉的全面评估需要主观和客观指标来挖掘这些需求。所提出的理论将心理幸福感研究与社会学和哲学传统相结合，并引发了关于如何衡量国家进步和可持续性的辩论。公共摘要幸福感是我们每个人都重视的东西，也是一个关键的政治目标。因此，我们如何定义和衡量福祉会影响医生、管理者、政策制定者、政治家和国际组织通过工作改善的目标。更好的福祉理论使更好地衡量福祉成为可能，从而使人类福祉更加有效和基于证据的进步成为可能。 本着这种精神，本文认为人类福祉有四个基本维度：“爱”强调人类的社会需求，“爱”强调人类的社会需求，“做”强调我们是积极主动的存在，有目标和目标。努力和成为我们感受和评价我们生活的亮点。为了评估福祉，我们需要利用所有这四个维度的措施。为了评估福祉的可持续性，我们需要研究如何在不超出地球边界的情况下为全人类提供福祉。