This study aimed to investigate how bilingual speakers process information in a bilingual mode setting which was created using a translation production task. The target linguistic property was evidentiality. It is grammatical and obligatory in Turkish and lexical and optional in English. The stimuli consisted of simple declarative sentences which were varied based on the evidential meaning (firsthand vs. non-firsthand). Then participants judged how confident the witness was. Both tasks were performed by 58 late L2 English, late L2 Turkish and early Turkish-English bilingual speakers. The results demonstrated that participants translated firsthand information more correctly than the non-firsthand in all conditions. Translation direction also influenced the accuracy. Furthermore, participants’ confidence judgments varied based on their bilingualism history. We use CASP ( Complex Adaptive System Principles) Model for Bilingualism to formulate our predictions.

中文翻译：

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晚比早好：正式第二语言培训对土耳其英语双语者证据处理的影响


本研究旨在调查双语使用者如何在使用翻译制作任务创建的双语模式设置中处理信息。目标语言属性是证据性。在土耳其语中它是语法上的强制性的，而在英语中它是词汇上的和可选的。刺激由简单的陈述句组成，这些句子根据证据意义（第一手资料与非第一手资料）而有所不同。然后参与者判断证人的信心程度。这两项任务均由 58 名后期英语、后期土耳其语和早期土耳其语-英语双语人士执行。结果表明，在所有条件下，参与者翻译第一手信息都比非第一手信息更正确。翻译方向也影响准确性。此外，参与者的信心判断因他们的双语历史而异。我们使用双语 CASP（复杂自适应系统原理）模型来制定我们的预测。