Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium strains that is harmful to the intestinal health of animals and is widely present in contaminated crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic target of ZEN-induced jejunal damage in weaned gilts. Sixteen weaned gilts either received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/kg ZEN in a 32-day experiment. The results showed that ZEN at the concentration of 3.0 mg/kg diet activated the inflammatory response and caused oxidative stress of gilts (P < 0.05). ZEN exposure resulted in the up-regulation (P < 0.05) of the Exchange protein directly activated by the cAMP 1/Ras-related protein1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Epac1/Rap1/JNK signaling pathway in the jejunum of gilts in vivo and in the intestinal porcine epithelial cells in vitro. The cell viability, EdU-positive cells, and the mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were decreased, whereas the reactive oxygen species production and the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Caspase3) were increased (P < 0.05) by ZEN. However, ZEN increased the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the mRNA expressions of Bax and caspase3 (P < 0.05) after the Epac1 was blocked. These results collectively indicated that 3.0 mg ZEN /kg diet induced jejunal damage via the Epac1/Rap1/JNK signaling pathway.

中文翻译：

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玉米赤霉烯酮通过 Epac1/Rap1/JNK 途径对断奶后备母猪空肠的影响


玉米赤霉烯酮 (ZEN) 是一种由镰刀菌菌株产生的非甾体雌激素霉菌毒素，对动物肠道健康有害，广泛存在于受污染的农作物中。本研究的目的是探讨 ZEN 诱导断奶后备母猪空肠损伤的潜在治疗靶点。在为期 32 天的实验中，16 头断奶后备母猪接受基础日粮或添加 3.0 mg/kg ZEN 的基础日粮。结果表明，日粮中添加3.0 mg/kg ZEN可激活后备母猪的炎症反应并引起氧化应激（P<<0.05）。 ZEN 暴露导致后备母猪空肠中由 cAMP 1/Ras 相关蛋白 1/c-Jun N 末端激酶（Epac1/Rap1/JNK 信号通路）直接激活的交换蛋白上调 (P < 0.05)体内和体外猪肠上皮细胞的细胞活力、EdU 阳性细胞和 B 细胞淋巴瘤-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA 表达降低，而活性氧产生和 mRNA 表达降低。 ZEN 增加了 Bcl-2 相关 X (Bax) 和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶 3 (Caspase3) 的表达 (P < 0.05)。然而，ZEN 增加了 Bcl-2 的 mRNA 表达并降低了 Bax 和 mRNA 的表达。 Epac1 被阻断后 caspase3 (P < 0.05) 这些结果共同表明，3.0 mg ZEN /kg 饮食通过 Epac1/Rap1/JNK 信号通路诱导空肠损伤。