Full-Stokes polarimetric imaging light detection and ranging (LiDAR) provides rich information about distance, materials, texture, surface orientations, and profiles of objects, and it is an important remote-sensing technology. One major challenge to reach a long distance is to efficiently collect and detect the echo photons, as for long-range LiDAR, echo photons may become sparse. Here, we demonstrate a full-Stokes polarimetric imaging LiDAR, working at the eye-safe, telecommunication wavelength of 1560 nm, that can reach a range of 4 km. The key enabling technology is a four-channel system with multimode-fiber-coupled, large-area fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Furthermore, we also explore faster imaging (e.g., pixel-dwell time of 1 ms) of the objects at a shorter distance, approximately 1 km. Our demonstration has significantly extended the working range of full-Stokes polarimetric imaging LiDAR and represents an important step toward practical systems that may enable many applications in remote sensing and the detection and recognition of targets.

中文翻译：

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使用分形超导纳米线单光子探测器的公里范围全斯托克斯偏振成像激光雷达


全斯托克斯偏振成像光探测与测距（LiDAR）提供了有关物体的距离、材料、纹理、表面方向和轮廓的丰富信息，是一项重要的遥感技术。达到长距离的一大挑战是有效收集和检测回波光子，对于长距离激光雷达，回波光子可能会变得稀疏。在这里，我们展示了一款全斯托克斯偏振成像激光雷达，工作在人眼安全的电信波长 1560 nm 下，射程可达 4 公里。关键的实现技术是具有多模光纤耦合、大面积分形超导纳米线单光子探测器的四通道系统。此外，我们还探索了在较短距离（大约 1 公里）处对物体进行更快的成像（例如，像素停留时间为 1 毫秒）。我们的演示显着扩展了全斯托克斯偏振成像激光雷达的工作范围，代表着朝着实用系统迈出的重要一步，该系统可以实现遥感以及目标检测和识别方面的许多应用。