Diets are not monitored towards global nutrition-related targets either, despite clear commitments to “ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food” explicit in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2. Current SDG 2 indicators, which capture undernourishment (that is, insufficient dietary energy supply at a national level), food insecurity, and nutritional status of children and women, do little to provide insights into the population-level consumption of healthy diets.

For example, in 2017 and 2018, the prevalence of undernourishment estimates for Tajikistan and Nigeria were relatively similar (11.6% and 10.4%, respectively) (Table 1). However, minimum diet diversity for women (MDD-W), collected in the same years through the Demographic and Health Surveys, revealed that although 80% of women of reproductive age were reaching MDD-W in Tajikistan, only 56% of women achieved MDD-W in Nigeria. The corresponding prevalence of minimum dietary diversity for children (MDD-C) was 22.5% in Tajikistan in the same year and 31.1% in Nigeria (2021). That is, with the same national availability of dietary energy, women in Tajikistan were achieving far better dietary diversity than women in Nigeria. At the same time, less than a third of children in both countries were achieving MDD-C, but the prevalence was higher in Nigeria than in Tajikistan⁴.

尽管可持续发展目标 (SDG) 2 中明确承诺“确保所有人获得安全、营养和充足的食物”，但饮食也没有针对全球营养相关目标进行监测。当前的 SDG 2 指标反映了营养不良（即（即国家层面的膳食能量供应不足）、粮食不安全以及儿童和妇女的营养状况，对于了解人口层面的健康饮食消费几乎没有什么帮助。

例如，2017 年和 2018 年，塔吉克斯坦和尼日利亚的营养不足发生率估计值相对相似（分别为 11.6% 和 10.4%）（表 1）。然而，同年通过人口统计和健康调查收集的女性最低饮食多样性 (MDD-W) 显示，尽管塔吉克斯坦 80% 的育龄妇女达到 MDD-W，但只有 56% 的女性达到 MDD -W 在尼日利亚。同年，塔吉克斯坦儿童最低膳食多样性 (MDD-C) 的相应患病率为 22.5%，尼日利亚为 31.1%（2021 年）。也就是说，在全国膳食能量供应量相同的情况下，塔吉克斯坦妇女的膳食多样性远远好于尼日利亚妇女。与此同时，两国不到三分之一的儿童达到 MDD-C，但尼日利亚的患病率高于塔吉克斯坦⁴ 。