Ketogenic diets (KDs) aim to induce the production of ketone bodies and are being investigated as a dietary therapy for multiple conditions, including kidney diseases. A randomized-controlled trial conducted by Simone Kreth and colleagues suggests potential kidney benefits in sepsis.

Compared with the control group, patients receiving a KD required insulin for significantly less time, had lower levels of IL-6 at day 7 and, over the 30-day study period, had a higher number of ventilation-free, vasopressor-free, dialysis-free and intensive care unit-free days. Differential CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell gene expression at 14 days and the finding that blood levels of several proinflammatory cytokines remained stable in patients receiving a KD, despite being upregulated in the control group, suggested an immunomodulatory effect.

生酮饮食（KD）旨在诱导酮体的产生，目前正在研究将其作为多种疾病（包括肾脏疾病）的饮食疗法。 Simone Kreth 及其同事进行的一项随机对照试验表明，脓毒症具有潜在的肾脏益处。

与对照组相比，接受 KD 的患者需要胰岛素的时间显着缩短，第 7 天的 IL-6 水平较低，并且在 30 天的研究期间，无通气、无升压药的患者数量较多。免透析和免重症监护室的日子。 14 天时 CD4 ⁺和 CD8 ⁺ T 细胞基因表达存在差异，并且发现接受 KD 的患者血液中几种促炎细胞因子的水平保持稳定，尽管在对照组中有所上调，这表明存在免疫调节作用。