Plant Cell Reports ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03284-x Qinghui Liu 1 , Zhijun Zhang 1 , Cuihua Bai 1, 2 , Xueying Yin 1 , Wanting Lin 1 , Lixian Yao 1, 2
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Key message
Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed an intensification of energy metabolism in rice grains under DMA stress, possibly causing the consumption of sugars or non-sugars and the development of unfilled grains
Abstract
Excessive dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) causes rice straighthead disease, a physiological disorder typically with erect panicle due to empty grain at maturity. Although the toxicity of DMA and its uptake and transport in rice are well recognized, the underlying mechanism of unfilled grains remains unclear. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted using a susceptible variety (Ruanhuayou1179, RHY) and a resistant one (Nanjingxiangzhan, NJXZ) via the metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to explore the mechanisms of empty grains in diseased rice under DMA stress. The results demonstrate an increase in total and methylated As in grains of RHY and NJXZ under DMA addition, with RHY containing higher levels of DMA. DMA addition increased the soluble sugar content in grains of RHY and NJXZ by 17.1% and 14.3% compared to the control, respectively, but significantly reduced the levels of amino acid, soluble protein, and starch. The decrease of grain Zn and B contents was also observed, and inadequate Zn might be a key factor limiting rice grain yield under DMA stress. Notably, DMA addition altered the expression levels of genes involved in the transport of sugar, amino acids, nitrates/peptides, and mineral ions. In sugar and amino acid metabolism, the reduction of metabolites and the upregulated expression of genes reflect positive regulation at the level of energy metabolism, implying that the reduction of grain starch and proteins might be ascribed to generate sufficient energy to resist the stress. This study provides a useful reference for understanding the molecular mechanism of grain emptying under DMA stress.
中文翻译：
二甲基胂酸胁迫下微量元素积累抑制及糖类和氨基酸代谢紊乱解释水稻籽粒空虚
关键信息
代谢组学和转录组学分析表明，在 DMA 胁迫下，水稻籽粒的能量代谢增强，可能导致糖或非糖的消耗以及空心籽粒的发育
抽象的
过量的二甲基胂酸 (DMA) 会导致水稻直头病，这是一种生理疾病，通常由于成熟时籽粒空空而导致穗部直立。尽管 DMA 的毒性及其在水稻中的吸收和运输已得到充分认识，但未饱满谷物的潜在机制仍不清楚。因此，以感病品种（软花优1179，RHY）和抗性品种（南京香站，NJXZ）为材料，通过代谢组学和转录组学方法进行盆栽试验，探讨DMA胁迫下病害水稻空粒的机制。结果表明，添加 DMA 后，RHY 和 NJXZ 籽粒中的总砷和甲基化砷有所增加，其中 RHY 含有更高水平的 DMA。添加DMA使RHY和NJXZ籽粒可溶性糖含量较对照分别提高17.1%和14.3%，但显着降低氨基酸、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量。水稻籽粒中 Zn 和 B 含量也有所下降，Zn 不足可能是 DMA 胁迫下限制水稻产量的关键因素。值得注意的是，DMA 的添加改变了参与糖、氨基酸、硝酸盐/肽和矿物质离子运输的基因的表达水平。在糖和氨基酸代谢中，代谢物的减少和基因表达的上调反映了能量代谢水平的正向调节，这意味着谷物淀粉和蛋白质的减少可能归因于产生足够的能量来抵抗应激。该研究为理解DMA应力下晶粒排空的分子机制提供了有益的参考。
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