Gestating sows are often fed a single diet throughout their gestation cycle, leading to situations of nutrients deficiency or excess at the individual level. The purpose of this study was to characterize, over 3 consecutive cycles, the impact of a precision feeding (PF), i.e., dietary supplies adjusted at individual level in terms of quantity (energy intake) and quality (standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) intake), on gestating sows’ productive performance, feeding behavior, environmental outputs, and health status compared with sows fed a conventional feeding (CF, i.e., fixed SID Lys intake). At the start of the trial, 2 batches of 20 Landrace × Large White gestating sows were allocated to one of the 2 feeding strategies (PF vs. CF), based on their parity (1, 2, or 3 and more), body weight, and backfat thickness (BT) 3 days after insemination. The PF strategy consisted in mixing with automatic feeders 2 iso-energetic diets (9.8 MJ/kg of net energy with 3.3 and 8.5 g SID Lys/kg, respectively) in variable proportions at individual and daily levels, whereas for the CF strategy these proportions remained constant throughout gestation (73% and 27%, respectively, resulting in an SID Lys concentration of 4.7 g/kg). Sows were followed over 3 consecutive gestations and the sows remained allocated to the same strategy throughout the study. Some sows were culled before the end of the study and were replaced by other sows who therefore performed only 1 or 2 gestations during the study. Thus, 106 gestations and lactations from 51 sows were fully studied and their data analyzed. The PF strategy allowed the sows to reach more closely the expected BT values at farrowing across cycles than the CF strategy (P < 0.001). The PF sows consumed 16% less SID Lys per gestation than the CF sows (P < 0.001), resulting in a 4% improvement in N efficiency (P < 0.001), with no impact on performance at farrowing (P > 0.10). The sows consumed their daily ration in a single visit whatever the feeding strategy (P = 0.41), but CF sows spent more time in the feeder in cycles 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). Thus, compared to the CF strategy implemented by farmers, the individual and daily nutritional supplies implemented with the PF strategy were more efficient in enabling sows to achieve body condition objectives at farrowing over the long term, also with a reduced SID Lys intake and an improved N efficiency without negative impact on farrowing performances.

中文翻译：

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在农场，根据能量和氨基酸对连续 3 个妊娠期分娩性能和饲喂行为的妊娠母猪进行精确饲喂


妊娠母猪在整个妊娠周期中通常只饲喂单一饮食，导致个体层面营养缺乏或过剩的情况。本研究的目的是描述连续 3 个周期的精确饲喂 （PF） 的影响，即在个体水平上根据数量（能量摄入）和质量（标准化回肠可消化 （SID）赖氨酸 （Lys） 摄入量）调整的日粮供应，与饲喂常规饲喂 （CF， 即固定的 SID Lys 摄入量）。在试验开始时，根据胎次（1、2 或 3 个及以上）、体重和授精后 3 天的背膘厚度 （BT），将 2 批 20 头长白×大型白妊娠母猪分配到 2 种饲喂策略中的一种（PF 与 CF）。PF 策略包括在个体和每日水平上以不同比例与 2 种等能饲料（9.8 MJ/kg 净能量，分别为 3.3 和 8.5 g SID Lys/kg）与自动喂食器混合，而对于 CF 策略，这些比例在整个妊娠期间保持不变（分别为 73% 和 27%，导致 SID Lys 浓度为 4.7 g/kg）。对母猪进行连续 3 次妊娠随访，并且在整个研究过程中，母猪保持采用相同的策略。一些母猪在研究结束前被淘汰，并被其他母猪取代，因此在研究期间只进行 1 或 2 次妊娠。因此，对 51 头母猪的 106 次妊娠和泌乳进行了全面研究，并分析了他们的数据。PF策略使母猪在整个周期的分娩时比CF策略更接近预期的BT值（P < 0.001）。 PF母猪每次妊娠消耗的SID Lys比CF母猪少16%（P < 0.001），导致氮效率提高了4%（P < 0.001），而对分娩性能没有影响（P > 0.10）。无论采用何种饲喂策略，母猪在一次访问中都消耗了每日日粮 （P = 0.41），但 CF 母猪在第 2 周期和第 3 周期在饲喂器中花费的时间更多 （P < 0.001）。因此，与农民实施的 CF 策略相比，使用 PF 策略实施的个体和日常营养供应更有效地使母猪能够在长期分娩时实现身体状况目标，同时减少 SID Lys 摄入量并提高氮效率，而不会对分娩性能产生负面影响。