Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is an insecticide used in agriculture, which is approved for use in drinking water tanks for human consumption. However, some studies indicate that it may act as an endocrine disruptor and affect nontarget organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PPF on reproduction and general health status in female mice exposed from pre‐puberty to adulthood. In the first experiment, females were treated by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 23 to (PND) 75 and were distributed into three experimental groups: control (vehicle), PPF 0.1 mg/kg, and PPF 1 mg/kg. Female mice were assessed for the age of puberty onset, body mass, water and food consumption, and the estrous cycle. On PDN 75, a subgroup was euthanized, when vital and reproductive organs were collected and weighed. The thyroid, ovary, and uterus were evaluated for histomorphometry. The other subgroup was assessed in relation to reproductive performance and fetal parameters. In a second experiment, the uterotrophic assay was performed with juvenile females (PND 18) using doses of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg of PPF. PPF treatment reduced thyroid mass and increased liver mass. Furthermore, there was an increase in ovarian interstitial tissue and, in the uterus, a decrease in the thickness of the endometrial stroma with reduced content of collagen fibers. There was also a reduction of 30% in pregnancy rate in the treated groups and an increase in the frequency of fetal death. This study suggests that, based on this experimental model, the insecticide may pose a reproductive risk for females chronically exposed to the substance from the pre‐pubertal period until adulthood. These results raise concerns about prolonged exposure of women to the same compound.

中文翻译：

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自青春期前以来暴露于吡丙醚的雌性小鼠在性成熟期间表现出生殖障碍，其后代的胎儿死亡率增加


吡丙醚 （PPF） 是一种用于农业的杀虫剂，已获准用于人类饮用的饮用水箱。然而，一些研究表明，它可能充当内分泌干扰物并影响非目标生物体。本研究旨在评估 PPF 对从青春期前到成年暴露的雌性小鼠的生殖和一般健康状况的影响。在第一个实验中，从出生后第 23 天 （PND） 到 （PND） 75 用管饲法处理女性，并分为三个实验组：对照组（载体）、PPF 0.1 mg/kg 和 PPF 1 mg/kg。评估雌性小鼠的青春期开始年龄、体重、水和食物消耗以及发情周期。在 PDN 75 上，对一个亚组实施安乐死，同时收集重要器官和生殖器官并称重。对甲状腺、卵巢和子宫进行组织形态学评估。另一个亚组根据生殖性能和胎儿参数进行评估。在第二个实验中，使用 0.01、0.1 或 1 mg/kg PPF 的剂量对幼年雌性 （PND 18） 进行子宫营养测定。PPF 治疗减少了甲状腺质量并增加了肝脏质量。此外，卵巢间质组织增加，子宫内膜基质厚度减少，胶原纤维含量降低。治疗组的妊娠率也降低了 30%，胎儿死亡频率增加了。这项研究表明，根据这个实验模型，这种杀虫剂可能会对从青春期前到成年长期接触该物质的女性构成生殖风险。这些结果引起了人们对女性长期接触相同化合物的担忧。