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Vertical confinement enhances surface exploration in bacterial twitching motility
Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16679 Xiao Chen 1 , Rongjing Zhang 1 , Junhua Yuan 1
Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16679 Xiao Chen 1 , Rongjing Zhang 1 , Junhua Yuan 1
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Bacteria are often found in environments where space is limited, and they attach themselves to surfaces. One common form of movement on these surfaces is bacterial twitching motility, which is powered by the extension and retraction of type IV pili. Although twitching motility in unrestricted conditions has been extensively studied, the effects of spatial confinement on this behaviour are not well understood. In this study, we explored the diffusive properties of individual twitching Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells in spatially confined conditions. We achieved this by placing the bacteria between layers of agarose and glass, and then tracking the long-term twitching motility of individual cells. Interestingly, we found that while confinement reduced the immediate speed of twitching, it paradoxically increased diffusion. Through a combination of mechanical and geometrical analysis, as well as numerical simulations, we showed that this increase in diffusion could be attributed to mechanical factors. The constraint imposed by the agarose altered the diffusion pattern of the bacteria from normal to superdiffusion. These findings provide valuable insights into the motile behaviour of bacteria in confined environments.
中文翻译：
垂直限制增强了细菌抽搐运动的表面探索
细菌通常存在于空间有限的环境中，并且它们附着在表面上。这些表面上一种常见的运动形式是细菌抽搐运动，其由 IV 型菌毛的伸展和缩回提供动力。尽管不受限制条件下的抽搐运动已被广泛研究，但空间限制对该行为的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们探索了空间受限条件下单个抽搐铜绿假单胞菌细胞的扩散特性。我们通过将细菌放置在琼脂糖层和玻璃层之间，然后跟踪单个细胞的长期抽搐运动来实现这一目标。有趣的是，我们发现，虽然限制降低了抽搐的即时速度，但它反而增加了扩散。通过机械和几何分析以及数值模拟的结合，我们表明扩散的增加可能归因于机械因素。琼脂糖施加的约束改变了细菌的扩散模式，从正常扩散到超扩散。这些发现为了解密闭环境中细菌的运动行为提供了宝贵的见解。
更新日期：2024-07-27
中文翻译：
垂直限制增强了细菌抽搐运动的表面探索
细菌通常存在于空间有限的环境中，并且它们附着在表面上。这些表面上一种常见的运动形式是细菌抽搐运动，其由 IV 型菌毛的伸展和缩回提供动力。尽管不受限制条件下的抽搐运动已被广泛研究，但空间限制对该行为的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们探索了空间受限条件下单个抽搐铜绿假单胞菌细胞的扩散特性。我们通过将细菌放置在琼脂糖层和玻璃层之间，然后跟踪单个细胞的长期抽搐运动来实现这一目标。有趣的是，我们发现，虽然限制降低了抽搐的即时速度，但它反而增加了扩散。通过机械和几何分析以及数值模拟的结合，我们表明扩散的增加可能归因于机械因素。琼脂糖施加的约束改变了细菌的扩散模式，从正常扩散到超扩散。这些发现为了解密闭环境中细菌的运动行为提供了宝贵的见解。
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