Over centuries, European vintners have developed a profound knowledge about grapes, environment, and techniques that yield the most distinguishable wines. In many regions, this knowledge is reflected in the system of wine geographical indications (GI), but climate change is challenging this historical union. Here, we present a climate change vulnerability assessment of 1085 wine GIs across Europe and propose climate-resilient development pathways using an ensemble of biophysical and socioeconomic indicators. Results indicate that wine regions in Southern Europe are among the most vulnerable, with high levels also found in Eastern Europe. Vulnerability is influenced by the rigidity of the GI system, which restricts grape variety diversity and thus contributes to an increased sensitivity to climate change. Contextual deficiencies, such as limited socioeconomic resources, may further contribute to increased vulnerability. Building a climate-resilient wine sector will require rethinking the GI system by allowing innovation to compensate for the negative effects of climate change.

几个世纪以来，欧洲葡萄酒商对葡萄、环境和技术积累了深厚的知识，从而酿造出了最独特的葡萄酒。在许多地区，这种知识反映在葡萄酒地理标志（GI）体系中，但气候变化正在挑战这种历史联盟。在这里，我们对欧洲 1085 个葡萄酒地理标志进行了气候变化脆弱性评估，并利用一系列生物物理和社会经济指标提出了适应气候变化的发展路径。结果表明，南欧的葡萄酒产区是最脆弱的地区之一，东欧的葡萄酒污染水平也很高。脆弱性受到地理标志系统刚性的影响，该系统限制了葡萄品种的多样性，从而导致对气候变化的敏感性增加。社会经济资源有限等环境缺陷可能会进一步加剧脆弱性。建立适应气候变化的葡萄酒行业需要重新思考地理标志体系，通过创新来弥补气候变化的负面影响。