Regulators, environmental advocates, and community groups in the United States (U.S.) are concerned about air pollution associated with the proliferating e-commerce and warehousing industries. Nationwide datasets of warehouse locations, traffic, and satellite observations of the traffic-related pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) provide a unique capability to evaluate the air quality and environmental equity impacts of these geographically-dispersed emission sources. Here, we show that the nearly 150,000 warehouses in the U.S. worsen local traffic-related air pollution with an average near-warehouse NO₂ enhancement of nearly 20% and are disproportionately located in marginalized and minoritized communities. Near-warehouse truck traffic and NO₂ significantly increase as warehouse density and the number of warehouse loading docks and parking spaces increase. Increased satellite-observed NO₂ near warehouses underscores the need for indirect source rules, incentives for replacing old trucks, and corporate commitments towards electrification. Future ground-based monitoring campaigns may help track impacts of individual or small clusters of facilities.

美国的监管机构、环保倡导者和社区团体对蓬勃发展的电子商务和仓储业带来的空气污染表示担忧。全国范围内的仓库位置、交通情况以及与交通相关的污染物二氧化氮 (NO ₂ ) 的卫星观测数据集提供了独特的能力来评估这些地理上分散的排放源对空气质量和环境公平的影响。在这里，我们发现美国近 150,000 个仓库加剧了当地与交通相关的空气污染，仓库附近的 NO ₂平均增强近 20%，并且不成比例地位于边缘化和少数族裔社区。随着仓库密度以及仓库装卸码头和停车位数量的增加，仓库附近的卡车流量和_二氧化氮显着增加。仓库附近卫星观测到的 NO ₂增多，凸显了间接源规则、更换旧卡车激励措施以及企业对电气化的承诺的必要性。未来的地面监测活动可能有助于跟踪单个或小型设施群的影响。