Ferroptotic cell death is significantly regulated by glutathione (GSH), an important antioxidant. This work describes the development of a novel, small fluorescent probe capable of detecting GSH levels and providing an understanding of the inhibitory effect of rutin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, during ferroptosis. The probe N-GSH exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity towards GSH, as witnessed by the significant increase in fluorescence observed after GSH binding. Additionally, the probe N-GSH determined the possible inhibitory effect of rutin and the role of GSH in ferroptosis. Using fluorescence imaging, the probe N-GSH revealed that GSH levels reduced significantly during ferroptosis induction, demonstrating its vital role in the process. Furthermore, by significantly preserving GSH levels, rutin treatment prevented ferroptosis. Moreover, in comparison to additional typical ferroptosis inhibitors, such as dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and vitamin E (VE), it was hypothesized that rutin's inhibitory effect on ferroptosis was achieved through the synergistic effect of its antioxidant and chelate properties on Fe(II) ions.

中文翻译：

---

细胞 GSH 荧光成像揭示芦丁对铁死亡的阻碍作用


铁死亡细胞死亡受到谷胱甘肽（GSH）（一种重要的抗氧化剂）的显着调节。这项工作描述了一种新型小型荧光探针的开发，该探针能够检测 GSH 水平并提供对芦丁（一种天然存在的黄酮类化合物）在铁死亡过程中的抑制作用的了解。探针 N-GSH 对 GSH 表现出出色的灵敏度和选择性，GSH 结合后观察到的荧光显着增加就证明了这一点。此外，探针 N-GSH 确定了芦丁可能的抑制作用以及 GSH 在铁死亡中的作用。使用荧光成像，探针 N-GSH 显示在铁死亡诱导过程中 GSH 水平显着降低，证明了其在该过程中的重要作用。此外，通过显着维持谷胱甘肽水平，芦丁治疗可以预防铁死亡。此外，与其他典型的铁死亡抑制剂如二氢硫辛酸（DHLA）和维生素E（VE）相比，推测芦丁对铁死亡的抑制作用是通过其抗氧化和对Fe（II）螯合特性的协同作用来实现的离子。