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Polyhydroxybutyrate Plastics Show Rapid Disintegration and More Straightforward Biogeochemical Impacts than Polyethylene under Marine Biofragmentation
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04639 Yiqi Cao 1 , Baiyu Zhang 1 , Xing Song 1 , Guihua Dong 1 , Yuanmei Zhang 1 , Bing Chen 1
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04639 Yiqi Cao 1 , Baiyu Zhang 1 , Xing Song 1 , Guihua Dong 1 , Yuanmei Zhang 1 , Bing Chen 1
Affiliation
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Although massive studies have investigated the spatiotemporally occurring marine plastisphere, a new microbial ecosystem colonizing the surfaces of plastics, the resulting biofragmentation process and impacts of plastics on biogeochemical cycles remain largely unknown. Here, we leverage synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectromicroscopy (FTIR mapping) and metagenomic sequencing to explore independent marine microcosms amended with petroleum-based polyethylene (PE) and biobased polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) plastic films. FTIR mapping results demonstrate unequal fragmentation scenarios by which the PE plastic rarely releases oxidized fragments while PHB disintegrates quickly, gradually forming fragments composed of extracellular polymeric substances resembling plastic films. Metagenomic analysis shows the critical role of hydrocarbonoclastic lineages in the biodegradation of the two plastics by the fatty acid degradation pathway, where the PE plastics host different microbial trajectories between the plastisphere (dominated by Alcanivorax) and surrounding seawater. In contrast, the PHB addition demonstrates decreased microbial richness and diversity, consistent community composition (dominated by Phaeobacter and Marinobacter), and apparently stimulated sulfur cycle and denitrification pathways in both the plastisphere and surrounding seawater. Our study gives scientific evidence on the marine biotic processes distinguishing petroleum- and biobased plastics, highlighting marine PHB input exerting straightforward impacts on the water phase and deserving critical management practices.
中文翻译：
聚羟基丁酸酯塑料在海洋生物破碎下表现出快速崩解和比聚乙烯更直接的生物地球化学影响
尽管大量研究已经调查了时空发生的海洋塑料圈，这是一种在塑料表面定殖的新微生物生态系统，但由此产生的生物碎片过程以及塑料对生物地球化学循环的影响仍然在很大程度上未知。在这里，我们利用基于同步加速器的傅立叶变换红外光谱显微镜（FTIR 图谱）和宏基因组测序来探索用石油基聚乙烯（PE）和生物基聚羟基丁酸酯（PHB）塑料薄膜修饰的独立海洋微观世界。 FTIR 绘图结果表明，PE 塑料很少释放氧化碎片，而 PHB 则快速分解，逐渐形成由类似于塑料薄膜的细胞外聚合物组成的碎片。宏基因组分析表明，碎烃谱系在两种塑料通过脂肪酸降解途径的生物降解中发挥着关键作用，其中 PE 塑料在塑料圈（以Alcanivorax为主）和周围海水之间具有不同的微生物轨迹。相比之下，PHB 的添加表明微生物丰富度和多样性下降，群落组成一致（以褐杆菌和海杆菌为主），并且明显刺激了塑料圈和周围海水中的硫循环和反硝化途径。我们的研究提供了区分石油基塑料和生物基塑料的海洋生物过程的科学证据，强调海洋 PHB 输入对水相产生直接影响，值得采取关键的管理实践。
更新日期：2024-07-24
中文翻译：
聚羟基丁酸酯塑料在海洋生物破碎下表现出快速崩解和比聚乙烯更直接的生物地球化学影响
尽管大量研究已经调查了时空发生的海洋塑料圈，这是一种在塑料表面定殖的新微生物生态系统，但由此产生的生物碎片过程以及塑料对生物地球化学循环的影响仍然在很大程度上未知。在这里，我们利用基于同步加速器的傅立叶变换红外光谱显微镜（FTIR 图谱）和宏基因组测序来探索用石油基聚乙烯（PE）和生物基聚羟基丁酸酯（PHB）塑料薄膜修饰的独立海洋微观世界。 FTIR 绘图结果表明，PE 塑料很少释放氧化碎片，而 PHB 则快速分解，逐渐形成由类似于塑料薄膜的细胞外聚合物组成的碎片。宏基因组分析表明，碎烃谱系在两种塑料通过脂肪酸降解途径的生物降解中发挥着关键作用，其中 PE 塑料在塑料圈（以Alcanivorax为主）和周围海水之间具有不同的微生物轨迹。相比之下，PHB 的添加表明微生物丰富度和多样性下降，群落组成一致（以褐杆菌和海杆菌为主），并且明显刺激了塑料圈和周围海水中的硫循环和反硝化途径。我们的研究提供了区分石油基塑料和生物基塑料的海洋生物过程的科学证据，强调海洋 PHB 输入对水相产生直接影响，值得采取关键的管理实践。
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