Commercial lithium‐ion batteries are gradually approaching their theoretical values (200‐250 Wh kg‐1), which cannot meet the fast‐growing energy storage demands. Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are anticipated to supersede lithium‐ion batteries as the next‐generation energy storage system owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g‐1) and energy density (2600 Wh kg‐1). Nonetheless, Li‐S batteries encounter several challenges, including the inadequate conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfide, sulfur's volume expansion, and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides, all of which significantly impact the practical utilization of Li‐S batteries. Electrospun carbon‐based nanofibers can simultaneously resolve these issues with their economical preparation, distinctive nanostructure, and exceptional flexibility. This review presents the most recent research findings on electrospun carbon‐based nanofibers materials serving as sulfur hosts and interlayer components in Li‐S batteries. We analyzed the impact of the material's structural design on the performance of Li‐S batteries and the relative underlying mechanism. Finally, the current challenges and issues faced by carbon‐based nanofibers composites in the application of Li‐S batteries are summarized, and the future development trajectory are outlined.

中文翻译：

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锂硫电池用静电纺碳基纳米纤维材料研究进展


商用锂离子电池正逐渐接近其理论值（200-250 Wh kg-1），无法满足快速增长的储能需求。锂硫（Li-S）电池因其高理论比容量（1675 mAh g-1）和能量密度（2600 Wh kg-1）而有望取代锂离子电池成为下一代储能系统。尽管如此，锂硫电池仍面临着一些挑战，包括硫和硫化锂的导电性不足、硫的体积膨胀以及多硫化锂的穿梭效应，所有这些都严重影响了锂硫电池的实际应用。静电纺碳基纳米纤维以其经济的制备、独特的纳米结构和卓越的灵活性可以同时解决这些问题。本综述介绍了静电纺碳基纳米纤维材料在锂硫电池中用作硫主体和层间成分的最新研究成果。我们分析了材料的结构设计对锂硫电池性能的影响及其相关的潜在机制。最后，总结了目前碳基纳米纤维复合材料在锂硫电池应用中面临的挑战和问题，并概述了未来的发展轨迹。