The high utility of halogenated organic compounds has prompted the development of numerous transformations that install the carbon‐halogen motif. Halogen functionalities, deemed as "functional and functionalizable" molecules due to their capacity to modulate diverse internal properties, constitute a pivotal strategy in drug discovery and development. Traditional routes to these building blocks have commonly involved multiple steps, harsh reaction conditions, and the use of stoichiometric and/or toxic reagents. With the emergence of solid halogen carriers such as N‐halosuccinimides, and halohydantoins as popular sources of halonium ions, the past decade has witnessed enormous growth in the development of new catalytic strategies for halofunctionalization. This review aims to provide a nuanced perspective on nucleophilic activators and their roles in halogen activation. It will highlight critical discoveries in effecting racemic and asymmetric variants of these reactions, driven by the development of new catalysts, activation modes, and improved understanding of chemical reactivity and reaction kinetics

中文翻译：

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通过亲核催化活化卤素和硫族元素


卤代有机化合物的高实用性促进了许多安装碳-卤素基序的转化的发展。卤素官能团因其调节不同内部特性的能力而被视为“功能性和可功能性”分子，构成了药物发现和开发的关键策略。获得这些结构单元的传统途径通常涉及多个步骤、苛刻的反应条件以及化学计量和/或有毒试剂的使用。随着固体卤素载体（例如 N-卤代琥珀酰亚胺和卤代乙内酰脲）作为卤鎓离子的流行来源的出现，过去十年见证了卤代官能化新催化策略的发展取得了巨大的增长。本综述旨在为亲核活化剂及其在卤素活化中的作用提供细致入微的视角。它将重点介绍在新催化剂、活化模式的开发以及对化学反应性和反应动力学的更好理解的推动下，影响这些反应的外消旋和不对称变体的关键发现