Tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) were developed by adding the co-cations acetamidinium (AC) and rubidium (Rb) in varied proportions based on the FASnI₃ structure (E1). We found that adding 10% AC and 3% Rb can optimize the device (E1AC10Rb3) to attain an efficiency of power conversion of 14.5% with great shelf- and light-soaking stability. The films at varied AC and Rb proportions were characterized using XPS, SEM, AFM, GIWAXS, XRD, TOPAS, TOF-SIMS, UV–vis, PL, TCSPC, and femtosecond TAS techniques to show the excellent optoelectronic properties of the E1AC10Rb3 film in comparison to those of the other films. AC was found to have the effect of passivating the vacancy defects on the surface and near the bottom of the film, while Rb plays a pivotal role in passivating the bottom interface between perovskite and PEDOT:PSS. Therefore, the E1AC10Rb3 device with a band gap of 1.43 eV becomes a promising candidate as a narrow band gap device for tandem lead-free perovskite solar cell development.

中文翻译：

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通过在 FASnI3 中混合乙脒和铷进行共阳离子工程，锡钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率达到 14.5%


基于FASnI ₃ 结构（E1），通过添加不同比例的共阳离子乙脒（AC）和铷（Rb）开发出锡钙钛矿太阳能电池（TPSC）。我们发现添加 10% AC 和 3% Rb 可以优化器件 (E1AC10Rb3)，实现 14.5% 的功率转换效率，并具有出色的货架稳定性和光浸泡稳定性。使用 XPS、SEM、AFM、GIWAXS、XRD、TOPAS、TOF-SIMS、UV-vis、PL、TCSPC 和飞秒 TAS 技术对不同 AC 和 Rb 比例的薄膜进行了表征，以显示 E1AC10Rb3 薄膜在与其他电影的对比。研究发现AC具有钝化薄膜表面和底部附近的空位缺陷的作用，而Rb在钝化钙钛矿和PEDOT:PSS之间的底部界面方面起着关键作用。因此，带隙为1.43 eV的E1AC10Rb3器件成为串联无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池开发的窄带隙器件的有希望的候选者。