Implantable medical devices (IMDs), like pacemakers regulating heart rhythm or deep brain stimulators treating neurological disorders, revolutionize healthcare. However, limited battery life necessitates frequent surgeries for replacements. Ultrasound power transfer (UPT) emerges as a promising solution for sustainable IMD operation. Current research prioritizes implantable materials, with less emphasis on sound field analysis and maximizing energy transfer during wireless power delivery. This review addresses this gap. A comprehensive analysis of UPT technology, examining cutting‐edge system designs, particularly in power supply and efficiency is provided. The review critically examines existing efficiency models, summarizing the key parameters influencing energy transmission in UPT systems. For the first time, an energy flow diagram of a general UPT system is proposed to offer insights into the overall functioning. Additionally, the review explores the development stages of UPT technology, showcasing representative designs and applications. The remaining challenges, future directions, and exciting opportunities associated with UPT are discussed. By highlighting the importance of sustainable IMDs with advanced functions like biosensing and closed‐loop drug delivery, as well as UPT's potential, this review aims to inspire further research and advancements in this promising field.

中文翻译：

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增强超声波功率传输：效​​率、声学和未来方向


植入式医疗设备 (IMD)，例如调节心律的起搏器或治疗神经系统疾病的深部脑刺激器，彻底改变了医疗保健。然而，有限的电池寿命需要频繁进行更换手术。超声波功率传输 (UPT) 成为可持续 IMD 运行的一种有前途的解决方案。目前的研究优先考虑可植入材料，不太重视声场分析和无线供电过程中最大化能量传输。本次审查解决了这一差距。提供了对 UPT 技术的全面分析，检查了尖端的系统设计，特别是在电源和效率方面。该评论严格审查了现有的效率模型，总结了影响 UPT 系统能量传输的关键参数。首次提出了通用 UPT 系统的能量流图，以提供对整体功能的深入了解。此外，该评论还探讨了 UPT 技术的发展阶段，展示了代表性的设计和应用。讨论了与 UPT 相关的剩余挑战、未来方向和令人兴奋的机遇。通过强调具有生物传感和闭环药物输送等先进功能的可持续 IMD 的重要性以及 UPT 的潜力，本次综述旨在激发这一前景广阔的领域的进一步研究和进步。