A regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) offers a therapeutic solution for nerve injury through reconstruction of the target muscle. However, implanting a transected peripheral nerve into an autologous skeletal muscle graft in RPNI causes donor‐site morbidity, highlighting the need for tissue‐engineered skeletal muscle constructs. Here, an engineered regenerative isolated peripheral nerve interface (eRIPEN) is developed using 3D skeletal cell printing combined with direct electrospinning to create a nanofiber membrane envelop for host nerve implantation. In this in vivo study, after over 8 months of RPNI surgery, the eRIPEN exhibits a minimum Feret diameter of 15–20 µm with a cross‐sectional area of 100–500 µm2, representing the largest distribution of myofibers. Furthermore, neuromuscular junction formation and muscle contraction with a force of ≈28 N are observed. Notably, the decreased hypersensitivity to mechanical/thermal stimuli and an improved tibial functional index from −77 to −56 are found in the eRIPEN group. The present novel concept of eRIPEN paves the way for the utilization and application of tissue‐engineered constructs in RPNI, ultimately realizing neuroprosthesis control through synaptic connections.

中文翻译：

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用于有针对性的神经再生的工程再生隔离周围神经接口


再生周围神经接口（RPNI）通过重建目标肌肉为神经损伤提供治疗解决方案。然而，在 RPNI 中将横切的周围神经植入自体骨骼肌移植物中会导致供体部位发病，这凸显了对组织工程骨骼肌结构的需求。在这里，利用 3D 骨骼细胞打印与直接静电纺丝相结合，开发了一种工程再生分离外周神经接口 (eRIPEN)，以创建用于宿主神经植入的纳米纤维膜包膜。在这项体内研究中，经过 8 个多月的 RPNI 手术后，eRIPEN 的最小 Feret 直径为 15-20 µm，横截面积为 100-500 µm2，代表肌纤维的最大分布。此外，还观察到神经肌肉接头的形成和约 28 N 力的肌肉收缩。值得注意的是，eRIPEN 组对机械/热刺激的过敏性降低，胫骨功能指数从 -77 提高到 -56。 eRIPEN 目前的新概念为组织工程结构在 RPNI 中的利用和应用铺平了道路，最终通过突触连接实现神经假体控制。