The human gut microbiota is of increasing interest, with metagenomics a key tool for analyzing bacterial diversity and functionality in health and disease. Despite increasing efforts to expand microbial gene catalogs and an increasing number of metagenome-assembled genomes, there have been few pan-metagenomic association studies and in-depth functional analyses across different geographies and diseases. Here, we explored 6014 human gut metagenome samples across 19 countries and 23 diseases by performing compositional, functional cluster, and integrative analyses. Using interpreted machine learning classification models and statistical methods, we identified Fusobacterium nucleatum and Anaerostipes hadrus with the highest frequencies, enriched and depleted, respectively, across different disease cohorts. Distinct functional distributions were observed in the gut microbiomes of both westernized and nonwesternized populations. These compositional and functional analyses are presented in the open-access Human Gut Microbiome Atlas, allowing for the exploration of the richness, disease, and regional signatures of the gut microbiota across different cohorts.

中文翻译：

---

健康和疾病中人类肠道微生物组的整体组成和功能状态


人类肠道微生物群越来越受到人们的关注，宏基因组学是分析健康和疾病中细菌多样性和功能的关键工具。尽管人们不断努力扩大微生物基因目录，宏基因组组装的基因组数量也不断增加，但跨不同地域和疾病的泛宏基因组关联研究和深入的功能分析却很少。在这里，我们通过进行成分、功能聚类和综合分析，探索了 19 个国家和 23 种疾病的 6014 个人类肠道宏基因组样本。使用解释的机器学习分类模型和统计方法，我们确定了在不同疾病队列中频率最高、富集和耗尽的具核梭杆菌和Anaerostipes hadrus 。在西化和非西化人群的肠道微生物组中观察到了不同的功能分布。这些成分和功能分析显示在开放获取的人类肠道微生物组图谱中，允许探索不同群体肠道微生物群的丰富性、疾病和区域特征。