Salt stress is one of the major abiotic factors severely hampering rice production. Fatty acids play a crucial role in plants response to such stress. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of unsaturated fatty acid (11‐eicosenoic acid [EA]) to enhance salt tolerance in rice, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our study indicates that the exogenous application of EA could alleviate salt stress‐induced damage as well as improve the survival rate of rice seedlings. Transcriptome analysis was performed following treatment of rice seedlings with EA, NaCl, and NaCl + EA. The results showed that there were 4970, 11, 304, and 4735 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NaCl versus CK, EA versus CK, NaCl + EA versus NaCl, and NaCl + EA versus CK, respectively. Notably, pathways such as unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis, and phytohormone signal transduction were significantly enriched in NaCl + EA versus NaCl. Specifically, genes related to ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, gibberellin signaling, and fatty acid metabolism were implicated in the mitigation effect of EA on salt stress in rice. Furthermore, DEGs involved in rice diterpenoid biosynthesis were analyzed in detail, revealing that EA induced the biosynthesis of multiple diterpenoids. Metabolomic analysis showed that the levels of various fatty acids, phytohormones, and terpenes increased. The presented data may serve as a useful guide for further exploration of the various biological functions of EA in enhancing plant resilience to salt stress. Additionally, it offers a valuable list of genes for the development of crop plants with improved salt resistance.

中文翻译：

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水稻11-二十碳烯酸介导的耐盐胁迫分子基础的转录组分析


盐胁迫是严重影响水稻生产的主要非生物因素之一。脂肪酸在植物应对此类胁迫的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。先前的研究已经证明不饱和脂肪酸（11-二十碳烯酸[EA]）具有增强水稻耐盐性的潜力，但其分子机制仍不清楚。我们的研究表明，外源施用电针可以减轻盐胁迫引起的损伤，提高水稻幼苗的成活率。用 EA、NaCl 和 NaCl + EA 处理水稻幼苗后进行转录组分析。结果显示，在 NaCl 与 CK、EA 与 CK、NaCl + EA 与 NaCl、NaCl + EA 与 CK 中分别有 4970 个、11 个、304 个和 4735 个差异表达基因（DEG）。值得注意的是，与 NaCl 相比，NaCl + EA 中的不饱和脂肪酸代谢、二萜类植物抗毒素生物合成和植物激素信号转导等途径显着丰富。具体而言，与乙烯、脱落酸、茉莉酸、水杨酸、赤霉素信号传导和脂肪酸代谢相关的基因与电针对水稻盐胁迫的缓解作用有关。此外，对参与水稻二萜生物合成的DEG进行了详细分析，揭示了EA诱导了多种二萜生物合成。代谢组学分析表明，各种脂肪酸、植物激素和萜烯的水平增加。所提供的数据可以为进一步探索 EA 在增强植物对盐胁迫的恢复能力方面的各种生物学功能提供有用的指导。此外，它还提供了一个有价值的基因列表，用于开发具有改进的耐盐性的作物。