Here we present water vapor vertical profiles observed with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument during the perihelion and Southern summer solstice season (L_S = 240°–300°) in three consecutive Martian Years 34, 35, and 36. We show the detailed latitudinal distribution of H₂O at tangent altitudes from 10 to 120 km, revealing a vertical plume at 60°S–50°S injecting H₂O upward, reaching abundance of about 50 ppmv at 100 km. We have observed this event repeatedly in the three Martian years analyzed, appearing at L_S = 260°–280° and showing inter-annual variations in the magnitude and timing due to long term effects of the Martian Year 34 Global Dust Storm. We provide a rough estimate of projected hydrogen escape of 3.2 × 10⁹ cm⁻² s⁻¹ associated to these plumes, adding further evidence of the key role played by the perihelion season in the long term evolution of the planet's climate.

中文翻译：

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近日点季节期间，强烈的局部水蒸气泵送至火星高海拔地区


在这里，我们展示了在近日点和南方夏至季节（L _S = 240°–300°）连续三个火星观测中，使用 ExoMars 痕量气体轨道器/天底和掩星火星发现仪器观测到的水蒸气垂直剖面。第 34、35 和 36 年。我们显示了 H ₂ O 在 10 至 120 km 切线高度处的详细纬度分布，揭示了在 60°S–50°S 注入 H ₂ O向上，在100公里处达到约50 ppmv的丰度。我们在分析的三个火星年中反复观察到这一事件，出现在 L _S = 260°–280° 处，并且由于火星 34 年的长期影响，显示出震级和时间的年际变化全球沙尘暴。我们粗略估计了与这些羽流相关的 3.2 × 10 ⁹ cm ⁻²  s ⁻¹ 预计氢逃逸量，进一步证明了地球气候长期演变中的近日点季节。