Tropical cyclones (TCs) induce substantial upper-ocean mixing and upwelling, leading to sea surface cooling. In this study, we explore changes in TC-induced cold wakes along the United States (U.S.) Southeast and Gulf Coasts during 1982–2020. Our study shows a significant increase in TC-induced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling of about 0.20°C near the U.S. Southeast Coast over this period. However, for the U.S. Gulf Coast, trends in TC-induced SST cooling are insignificant. Analysis of the large-scale oceanic environments indicate that the increasing TC-induced cold wakes near the Southeast coast have been predominantly caused by the cooling of subsurface waters in that region. This upper-ocean change is attributed to the enhancement of surface pressure gradient across land-sea boundary and the associated increase in alongshore winds over there. Further analysis with climate models reveals the important role of anthropogenic forcings in driving these changes in the atmospheric circulation response along the U.S. Southeast Coast.

中文翻译：

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观察到美国东南海岸附近热带气旋引起的海面降温增加


热带气旋（TC）引起大量的上层海洋混合和上升流，导致海面冷却。在这项研究中，我们探讨了 1982 年至 2020 年期间美国东南部和墨西哥湾沿岸由 TC 引起的冷尾流的变化。我们的研究表明，在此期间，美国东南海岸附近的 TC 引起的海面温度 (SST) 冷却显着增加了约 0.20°C。然而，对于美国墨西哥湾沿岸来说，TC 引起的海温降温趋势并不显着。对大范围海洋环境的分析表明，东南沿海地区TC引起的冷尾流增多主要是由于该地区地下水的冷却造成的。这种上层海洋的变化归因于陆海边界表面压力梯度的增强以及相关的沿岸风的增加。对气候模型的进一步分析揭示了人为强迫在驱动美国东南海岸大气环流响应的这些变化中的重要作用。