Nutrient concentrations in the foliage of particular tree species can identify growth-limiting factors. Therefore, the adaptability and usefulness of certain trees in the afforestation of barren soils after disturbances could be based on nutrient supply and stoichiometry. In this study, we investigated the macronutrient supply to (i.e., nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P], potassium, sulfur, calcium [Ca], and magnesium [Mg]) and C:N:P (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) stoichiometry of the foliage of black alder (Alnus glutinosa), common birch (Betula pendula), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in two different regeneration scenarios—a reclaimed mine site with primary succession and an afforested post-fire (PF) site with secondary succession. The control plot was on an undisturbed forest site hosting stands of the studied tree species. The lower concentrations of elements in the post-mining soils developed from “point zero” were enough to supply the trees with a similar level of nutrition to those in the PF and undisturbed soils. The studied tree species differed in their foliage chemistry and had different effects on the soil properties. The alder and birch foliage contained more nutrients than the pine foliage. In particular, the birch foliage contained the highest concentrations of Ca, Mg, and P, thus enhancing the biogeochemical cycling of these elements. The alder foliage had the highest N concentration, albeit the soil total N contents under this species were not higher than those under birch. Thus, its phytomeliorative effect may have been overestimated. The pine foliage contained the lowest concentrations of nutrients, indicating the high nutrient use efficiency of this species. On the sites degraded after disturbance, pine and birch grew under N-limitation stress, while the alder—a N-fixing species—grew under P-limitation stress, especially at the PF site. The PF soils under alder were also characterized by higher acidity, P depletion, and higher C:P and N:P ratios compared to the PF soils under the other studied species. We found that birch should be the most common tree species in the first phase of area regeneration after disturbances. Introducing alder into afforestation should take place in admixtures, especially at the PF site.

中文翻译：

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通过评估树木养分状况来恢复采矿后和火灾后土壤功能：来自先锋和固氮物种的证据


特定树种叶子中的养分浓度可以识别生长限制因素。因此，某些树木在干扰后贫瘠土壤造林中的适应性和有用性可以基于养分供应和化学计量。在这项研究中，我们调查了常量营养素的供应（即氮 [N]、磷 [P]、钾、硫、钙 [Ca] 和镁 [Mg]）和 C:N:P（碳：氮：磷） ) 两种不同的再生情景中黑桤木 ( Alnus glutinosa )、白桦 ( Betula pendula ) 和樟子松 ( Pinus sylvestris ) 叶子的化学计量——初级演替的复垦矿区和火灾后 (PF) 绿化场地具有二次演替。对照地块位于一个未受干扰的森林地点，那里有所研究的树种。采矿后土壤中从“零点”开始形成的元素浓度较低，足以为树木提供与 PF 和未受干扰土壤中的树木相似水平的营养。研究的树种的叶子化学成分不同，对土壤性质的影响也不同。桤木和桦树的叶子比松树的叶子含有更多的营养。特别是，桦树叶含有最高浓度的钙、镁和磷，从而增强了这些元素的生物地球化学循环。桤木叶面氮浓度最高，但该树种下土壤全氮含量并不高于桦树下。因此，它的植物改善作用可能被高估了。松树叶子含有最低浓度的养分，表明该物种的养分利用效率很高。 在干扰后退化的地点，松树和桦树在氮限制胁迫下生长，而桤木（一种固氮树种）在磷限制胁迫下生长，特别是在PF地点。与其他研究树种下的 PF 土壤相比，桤木下的 PF 土壤还具有较高的酸度、P 消耗以及较高的 C:P 和 N:P 比率。我们发现桦树应该是干扰后区域更新第一阶段最常见的树种。将桤木引入造林应以混合物形式进行，特别是在 PF 地点。