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AQUA-GAPS/MONET-Derived Concentrations and Trends of PAHs and Polycyclic Musks across Global Waters
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03099 Rainer Lohmann 1 , Branislav Vrana 2 , Derek Muir 3 , Foppe Smedes 2 , Jaromir Sobotka 2 , Eddy Y Zeng 4 , Lian-Jun Bao 4 , Ian J Allan 5 , Peleg Astrahan 6 , Terry Bidleman 7 , Denis Crowley 8 , Evgen Dykyi 9 , Nicolas Estoppey 10, 11 , Gilberto Fillmann 12 , Liisa Jantunen 13 , Sarit Kaserzon 14 , Keith A Maruya 15 , Brendan McHugh 8 , Brent Newman 16, 17 , Raimon M Prats 18 , Manolis Tsapakis 19 , Mats Tysklind 7 , Barend L van Drooge 18 , Charles S Wong 15
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03099 Rainer Lohmann 1 , Branislav Vrana 2 , Derek Muir 3 , Foppe Smedes 2 , Jaromir Sobotka 2 , Eddy Y Zeng 4 , Lian-Jun Bao 4 , Ian J Allan 5 , Peleg Astrahan 6 , Terry Bidleman 7 , Denis Crowley 8 , Evgen Dykyi 9 , Nicolas Estoppey 10, 11 , Gilberto Fillmann 12 , Liisa Jantunen 13 , Sarit Kaserzon 14 , Keith A Maruya 15 , Brendan McHugh 8 , Brent Newman 16, 17 , Raimon M Prats 18 , Manolis Tsapakis 19 , Mats Tysklind 7 , Barend L van Drooge 18 , Charles S Wong 15
Affiliation
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), released from petrogenic, pyrogenic or diagenetic sources (degradation of wood materials), are of global concern due to their adverse effects, and potential for long-range transport. While dissolved PAHs have been frequently reported in the literature, there has been no consistent approach of sampling across water bodies. Passive samplers from the AQUA/GAPS-MONET initiative were deployed at 46 sites (28 marine and 18 freshwater), and analyzed for 28 PAHs and six polycyclic musks (PCMs) centrally. Freely dissolved PAH concentrations were dominated by phenanthrene (mean concentration 1500 pg L–1; median 530 pg L–1) and other low molecular weight compounds. Greatest concentrations of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were typically from the same sites, mostly in Europe and North America. Of the PCMs, only galaxolide (72% of samples) and tonalide (61%) were regularly detected, and were significantly cross-correlated. Benchmarking of PAHs relative to penta- and hexachlorobenzene confirmed that the most remote sites (Arctic, Antarctic, and mountain lakes) displayed below average PAH concentrations. Concentrations of 11 of 28 PAHs, galaxolide and tonalide were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with population density within a radius of 5 km of the sampling site. Characteristic PAH ratios gave conflicting results, likely reflecting multiple PAH sources and postemission changes.
中文翻译：
AQUA-GAPS/MONET 得出的全球水域 PAH 和多环麝香的浓度和趋势
从石油成因、热成因或成岩来源（木质材料的降解）释放的多环芳烃（PAH）因其不利影响和长距离迁移的潜力而受到全球关注。虽然文献中经常报道溶解的多环芳烃，但目前还没有一致的跨水体采样方法。 AQUA/GAPS-MONET 计划的被动采样器部署在 46 个地点（28 个海洋地点和 18 个淡水地点），并集中分析了 28 种 PAH 和 6 种多环麝香 (PCM)。自由溶解的 PAH 浓度以菲（平均浓度 1500 pg L –1 ；中值浓度 530 pg L –1 ）和其他低分子量化合物为主。菲、荧蒽和芘的最高浓度通常来自同一地点，主要在欧洲和北美。在 PCM 中，只有佳乐麝香（占样品的 72%）和托那内酯（61%）被定期检测到，并且存在显着的互相关性。相对于五氯苯和六氯苯的多环芳烃基准测试证实，最偏远的地点（北极、南极和高山湖泊）的多环芳烃浓度低于平均水平。 28 种 PAHs 中的 11 种、佳乐麝香和托纳利特浓度与采样点 5 km 半径内的人口密度呈正相关（ P < 0.05）。特征性 PAH 比率给出了相互矛盾的结果，可能反映了多种 PAH 来源和排放后的变化。
更新日期：2024-07-20
中文翻译：
AQUA-GAPS/MONET 得出的全球水域 PAH 和多环麝香的浓度和趋势
从石油成因、热成因或成岩来源（木质材料的降解）释放的多环芳烃（PAH）因其不利影响和长距离迁移的潜力而受到全球关注。虽然文献中经常报道溶解的多环芳烃，但目前还没有一致的跨水体采样方法。 AQUA/GAPS-MONET 计划的被动采样器部署在 46 个地点（28 个海洋地点和 18 个淡水地点），并集中分析了 28 种 PAH 和 6 种多环麝香 (PCM)。自由溶解的 PAH 浓度以菲（平均浓度 1500 pg L –1 ；中值浓度 530 pg L –1 ）和其他低分子量化合物为主。菲、荧蒽和芘的最高浓度通常来自同一地点，主要在欧洲和北美。在 PCM 中，只有佳乐麝香（占样品的 72%）和托那内酯（61%）被定期检测到，并且存在显着的互相关性。相对于五氯苯和六氯苯的多环芳烃基准测试证实，最偏远的地点（北极、南极和高山湖泊）的多环芳烃浓度低于平均水平。 28 种 PAHs 中的 11 种、佳乐麝香和托纳利特浓度与采样点 5 km 半径内的人口密度呈正相关（ P < 0.05）。特征性 PAH 比率给出了相互矛盾的结果，可能反映了多种 PAH 来源和排放后的变化。
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