The traditional approach to formulating pig diets is based only on minimizing cost while meeting nutritional requirements and thus does not consider the environmental impacts associated with producing feed ingredients. To reduce the overall environmental impact of pork production, that of feed ingredients can be considered to formulate environmentally friendly diets. However, their potential effects on pig performance could decrease environmental benefits at the farm gate. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of such eco-friendly pig diets on nitrogen (N) and energy (E) balances, the components of heat production (HP) and the performance of growing pigs. Digestibility coefficients of dry matter (84.5% vs 88.2%, P < 0.01) and N (80.4% vs 86.3%, P < 0.01) were significantly lower for the eco-friendly diet than the Control-diet (a commercial diet used in France). N excretion in feces was significantly higher for the group of pigs fed the eco-friendly diet than for the group fed the Control-diet (9.8 vs 6.9 g/d, respectively, P = 0.01), while the N retention tended to be lower (27.8 vs 30.3 g/d, respectively; P = 0.06). The metabolizable E:digestible E ratio did not differ between diets, but total HP was significantly lower for the eco-friendly diet group than for the Control-diet group (1340 vs 1388 kJ/kg body weight (BW)0.60/d, respectively, P = 0.03). Using feed ingredients with lower environmental impacts, such as locally produced protein or co-products from wheat processing, is an effective way to decrease environmental impacts of pig production. However, the nutritional composition of these eco-friendly ingredients could be overestimated, in particular the true digestibility of amino acids. This indicates the need to better estimate and consider the true digestibility of eco-friendly diets to decrease environmental impacts of livestock production without decreasing animal performance.

中文翻译：

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环保日粮：养分消化率、氮能平衡及生长猪生长性能


传统的猪日粮配制方法只是在满足营养需求的同时最大限度地降低成本，因此没有考虑与生产饲料原料相关的环境影响。为了减少猪肉生产对环境的整体影响，可以考虑饲料原料来制定环保日粮。然而，它们对生猪生产性能的潜在影响可能会降低农场门口的环境效益。本研究的目的是量化这种生态友好型猪日粮对氮 (N) 和能量 (E) 平衡、产热 (HP) 组成和生长猪生产性能的影响。生态友好型饮食的干物质消化系数（84.5% vs 88.2%，P < 0.01）和氮消化率（80.4% vs 86.3%，P < 0.01）显着低于对照饮食（使用商业饮食）在法国）。饲喂环保日粮的猪组粪便中的氮排泄量显着高于饲喂对照日粮的猪组（分别为 9.8 克/天和 6.9 克/天，P = 0.01），而氮保留量往往较低（分别为 27.8 与 30.3 克/天；P = 0.06）。可代谢 E:可消化 E 比率在饮食之间没有差异，但生态友好型饮食组的总 HP 显着低于对照饮食组（分别为 1340 kJ/kg 体重 (BW)0.60/d 和 1388 kJ/kg 体重 (BW)0.60/d） ，P = 0.03）。使用对环境影响较小的饲料原料，例如当地生产的蛋白质或小麦加工的副产品，是减少养猪生产对环境影响的有效方法。然而，这些环保成分的营养成分可能被高估，特别是氨基酸的真实消化率。 这表明需要更好地估计和考虑生态友好型饮食的真实消化率，以减少畜牧生产对环境的影响而不降低动物的生产性能。