Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and bioaccumulative pollutants that can easily accumulate in soil, posing a threat to environment and human health. Current PFAS degradation processes often suffer from low efficiency, high energy and water consumption, or lack of generality. Here, we develop a rapid electrothermal mineralization (REM) process to remediate PFAS-contaminated soil. With environmentally compatible biochar as the conductive additive, the soil temperature increases to >1000 °C within seconds by current pulse input, converting PFAS to calcium fluoride with inherent calcium compounds in soil. This process is applicable for remediating various PFAS contaminants in soil, with high removal efficiencies ( >99%) and mineralization ratios ( >90%). While retaining soil particle size, composition, water infiltration rate, and cation exchange capacity, REM facilitates an increase of exchangeable nutrient supply and arthropod survival in soil, rendering it superior to the time-consuming calcination approach that severely degrades soil properties. REM is scaled up to remediate soil at two kilograms per batch and promising for large-scale, on-site soil remediation. Life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis demonstrate REM as an environmentally friendly and economic process, with a significant reduction of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission, water consumption, and operation cost, when compared to existing soil remediation practices.

全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是持久性和生物累积性污染物，很容易在土壤中积累，对环境和人类健康构成威胁。目前的 PFAS 降解过程往往效率低、能源和水消耗高或缺乏通用性。在这里，我们开发了一种快速电热矿化 (REM) 工艺来修复受 PFAS 污染的土壤。使用环境兼容的生物炭作为导电添加剂，通过电流脉冲输入，土壤温度在几秒钟内升高到>1000°C，将PFAS转化为土壤中固有的钙化合物的氟化钙。该工艺适用于修复土壤中的各种PFAS污染物，具有较高的去除效率（>99%）和矿化率（>90%）。在保留土壤颗粒大小、成分、水渗透率和阳离子交换能力的同时，REM 有助于增加土壤中可交换养分的供应和节肢动物的生存，使其优于耗时的、严重降低土壤性质的煅烧方法。 REM 已扩大到每批次两公斤的土壤修复量，有望用于大规模的现场土壤修复。生命周期评估和技术经济分析表明，REM 是一种环境友好且经济的过程，与现有的土壤修复实践相比，可显着降低能源消耗、温室气体排放、水消耗和运营成本。